What You Dont Know About Essay Samples on the American Dream Could Be Costing to More Than You Think

What You Don't Know About Essay Samples on the American Dream Could Be Costing to More Than You Think If You Read Nothing Else Today, Read This Report on Essay Samples on the American Dream First experience is going to be my final experience. The mall will also end up being a challenge for people who don't wish to cover parking, since it will charge $24 to park for eight hours, reports CBS New York. By looking at America today, the most effective nation in the planet, the dream has literally come to be a reality. This dream has drawn many individuals to the usa, a society that's been historically based on capitalism. Urban sprawl has turned out to be an insufficient use of land that has damaging impacts on an increasing list of issues. The suburban lifestyle has gotten so incorporated into the perfect American method of life that urban sprawl is now widespread. You've got to set a lot of seeds in the floor and be 100 percent committed to reaching your target. What defines success is surely not only the crowd. The American dream was stolen. Though it is possible to accomplish the American dream for few. You need to make sure you aren't forcing yourself to live the dream of someone else because everyone's American dream is distinctive and different. To produce your own American Dream, you must look inwards and define those things in life which are most important to you. It's impossible to say why folks change their minds, because everybody has a different and they need to trust in what they would like to. All these things we start to twist the gospel into something that it's not. The times still require an outstanding rock band (with synths) that could tap into the anxieties of contemporary life while at the same time dancing the night away. It's very clear that the dream hasn't been actualized since the projected objectives have never been achieved. A significant part of the American Dream is education. If you believe that this is quite a huge endeavor. Imitate them in your life, and you'll be equipped to thrive and succeed. The Do's and Don'ts of Essay Samples on the American Dream There's, clearly, a limit on the range of pages even our very best writers can produce with a pressing deadline, but usually, we figure out how to satisfy all the clients seeking urgent assistance. It is obvious to find the very long journey John had been through to be able to achieve what he did. Parks had every reason to feel he was a main beneficiary. If you don't have sufficient time and you're worried that the submission date is close. Especially if you're not vegan, and don't have any idea you simply purchased a vegan meal. Nor everybody in the world will possess the very same opinion on one certain thing. The truffle oil had a great deal of flavor to the point at which it was too much. It turned out to be a nice place simply to hang. The Ultimate Approach for Essay Samples on the American Dream In general, the American Dream exists for straight, White men, as that's top tier privilege, but it doesn't exist for those people who are poor, individuals who are women, individuals who are Black, those that are people of color. Entrepreneurs, on the flip side, cannot start up their ideas. Media tells us not to consider the monster and instead to stay centered on the dream. Men and women come from all around the place really. American dream has an important part in defining the authentic meaning of freedom, equality and liberty. American dream essay can be regarded as a paper of private reflection to supply sufficient arguments about the term itself. Class mobility and the possibility for everybody, irrespective of social class, to be successful in American culture are at the center of the American Dream mythology. The truth is society utilizes the hope of immediate wealth to earn people work harder. The New Angle On Essay Samples on the American Dream Just Released A race to find out who can purchase the fastest car, biggest house, or the latest designer clothes. You may also secure a variety of discounts on our site which will help you to save some more money for future orders or anything you want to spend them on. I felt that I was able to do better. The government s hould protect the folks from domestic and worldwide threats. The web capital worth of the whole black community in the usa is zero. It appears as if everyone that seems to be helping them is in reality attempting to screw them from funds or money that they don't even have yet. The debt-free men and women are the rich who have many small business operations throughout the nation.

Negative Effects of Classism - 803 Words

Negative Effects Of Classism Have you ever been judged by the way you look or act? How about just for your income? Social classes have existed for many centuries, whether you are rich or poor, there has always been a large group of people who share a similar economic and/or social position. In society, citizens are put into classes based upon their income, wealth, property ownership, and job status. When citizens are put into a â€Å"class† whether it is high or low, it affects their way of life. For example; when the working class feels like they’re not good enough, it might be because someone in the higher class is acting ignorant or superior towards the lower class. When citizens are not treated equally due to their social status, this is†¦show more content†¦The middle class is a set of workers who are quite educated, wise, and overall more successful than the working class. The middle class is considered the average or the suitable of the three main classes, mostly because they make a much higher salary than the working class but not enough to be considered the higher class. The middle class is the majority of people in the United States. Occasionally the middle class consider thoughts and assumptions that the sociability of this country towards them are true which leads them to believe it and as well as act it out towards others. The reimbursements or the â€Å"benefits† of being in the middle class provide access to health care benefits such as Medicare or medicate, a home that’s stable enough to live in, a great secure job, as well as retirement security for the seniors of this class and most importantly many chances of a good education which comprises a college education as well. Since million of the households in this country are in the middle class, it’s hard to discriminate or judge against a class where a majority of the United States citizens in are in or close too. The â€Å"higher class† in America consists of people who have mostly inherited their money. Historically in some cultures, members of an upper class often did not have to work for a living, as they were supported by earned or inherited investments. The main distinguishing feature of upper classShow MoreRelatedThe Effect Of Media On Classism1484 Words   |  6 PagesBrittany A Brooks The Effect of Media on Classism University of Central Missouri â€Æ' The Effect of Media on Classism Class and the Media The United States was built on the concept of the American dream. The idea that anyone can achieve success if they just work hard enough and are determined enough is very lucrative. 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In this paper I will talk about two forms of life extending technology that are currently available, the social, legal, and ethical issues involving life extending technology, why I believe life extending technology is a negative right, and why I believe that medical scientists’ should continue researching life extending technology. Currently medical scientists’ do not know the secrets of aging. However, there are a few ways that they have discovered could help you maintainRead MoreReflective Reflection On Diversity1028 Words   |  5 PagesAn additional goal I would like to implement, is to be an advocate of accessing high-quality early childhood education for diverse children, such as to prepare them for school readiness. The four â€Å"isms â€Å" I chose for scenarios are racism, ageism, classism and sexism: (1) Racism-Linda Davis, who is a white first teacher, asked the children to draw a Santa Clause on paper. When the only black student asked her could he color his face, she told him he could not. She stated that Santa’s face should be

Corporate Accounting Assignment - Myassignmenthelp.com

Questions: On 1 July 2015, Victoria Ltd acquired 70% of the shares of Melbourne Ltd for $526,000 on a cum div. basis. Victoria Ltd had acquired 30% of the shares of Melbourne Ltd two years earlier for $180,000. This investment, classified as an available-for-sale investment, was recorded at a fair value on 1 July 2015 of $226,000. At 1 July 2015, the equity and liability sections of Melbourne Ltds statement of financial position showed the following balances: Share Capital 460,000 General Reserve 50,000 Retained Earnings 100,000 Other liabilities 100,000 Dividend payable 30,000 At acquisition date, all the identifiable assets and liabilities of Melbourne Ltd were recorded at amounts equal to fair value except for: Carrying Amount Fair Value Land 95,000 100,000 Vehicle (@ cost 40,000) 35,000 39,000 Equipment (@ cost 420,000) 294,000 309,000 Inventory 98,000 101,00 The Vehicle, which was estimated to have a further four year life at acquisition date, was sold on 1 January 2018. The equipment had a further five year life at acquisition date and was expected to be used evenly over that time. Any adjustments for differences between carrying amounts at acquisition date and fair values are made on consolidation. Melbourne Ltd had not recorded an internally developed patent. Victoria Ltd valued this patent at $90,000 and was assumed to have a ten year life. In May 2017, Melbourne sold this patent to an external party for $100,000. It also had a contingent liability of $19,000 that Victoria Ltd considered to have a fair value of $15,000. This liability was settled in July 2017. The dividend liability was paid on 1 September 2015. All inventories on hand at acquisition date were sold by June 2016. The land was sold on 1 June 2018 to Peters Ltd. Any valuation reserves created are transferred on consolidation to retained earnings when assets are sold or fully consumed. On 30 May 2017, Melbourne Ltd transferred $8,000 from the general reserve (pre-acquisition) to retained earnings. A bonus dividend of $10,000 was paid in December 2017 out of pre-acquisition profits. Goodwill was tested annually for impairment. For the year ended 30 June 2017, an impairment loss on goodwill of $4,000 was recorded. Additional information: (i) Melbourne Ltd sold a warehouse with a carrying amount of $82,000 to Victoria Ltd for $100,000. The transaction took place on 1 January 2017. Victoria Ltd charges depreciation at 5% p.a. on a straight-line basis. (ii) On 31 March 2017, Victoria Ltd sold some land to Melbourne Ltd. The land had originally cost Victoria Ltd $64,000, but was sold to Melbourne Ltd for $63,000. To help Melbourne Ltd pay for the land, Victoria Ltd gave Melbourne Ltd an interest-free loan of $29,000. Melbourne Ltd has as yet made no repayments on the loan. (iii) In April 2017, Victoria Ltd sold inventory to Melbourne Ltd for $12,000, at a mark-up of 20% on cost. One quarter of this inventory was unsold by Melbourne Ltd at 30 June 2017. The remaining inventory was sold in the following three months. (iv) On 1 October 2017, Victoria Ltd issued 1,000 15% debentures of $100 at nominal value. Melbourne Ltd acquired 400 of these. Interest is payable half-yearly on 31 March and 30 September. Accruals have been recognised in the legal entities accounts. (v) On 18 February 2018, interim dividend was paid by Melbourne Ltd from profits before acquisition date. The final dividend was from current year profits. Shareholder approval is not required in relation to dividends. (vi) On 1 April 2018, Melbourne Ltd transferred an item of plant with a carrying amount of $32,000 to Victoria Ltd for $41,000. Victoria Ltd treated this item as inventory. The item was still on hand at the end of the year. Melbourne Ltd applied a 20% depreciation rate to this plant. (vii) During the year ending 30 June 2018, Melbourne Ltd sold inventory to Victoria Ltd for $60,000, recording a before-tax profit of $16,000. One quarter of this inventory was unsold by Victoria Ltd at 30 June 2018. (viii) The tax rate is 30%. On 30 June 2018 the trial balances of Victoria Ltd and Melbourne Ltd were as follows: Victoria Ltd Melbourne Ltd Cost of sales 338,000 307,000 Other expenses 80,000 72,000 Income tax expense 41,000 40,000 Interim dividend paid 21,000 14,000 Final dividend declared 22,000 15,000 Cash 181,000 105,000 Dividend receivable 20,000 - Other receivables 206,000 227,000 Inventory 244,000 132,000 Deferred tax assets 35,000 - Trucks 82,000 72,000 Plant equipment 648,000 380,000 Land 130,000 123,000 Warehouses 180,000 90,000 Debentures in Victoria Ltd - 40,000 Shares in Melbourne Ltd 722,000 - Goodwill 74,000 30,000 Loan to Melbourne Ltd 29,000 - 3,053,000 1,647,000 Sales 480,000 437,000 Other revenue income 79,000 56,000 Share capital 874,000 470,000 Share options 80,000 - General reserve 84,000 72,000 Retained earnings (1/7/2017) 490,000 228,000 Final dividend payable 22,000 15,000 Current tax liabilities 8,000 12,000 Other liabilities 96,000 60,000 Debentures 400,000 - Loan from Victoria Ltd - 29,000 Accumulated depreciation P E 388,000 228,000 Accumulated depreciation Trucks 25,000 22,000 Accumulated depreciation Warehouses 27,000 18,000 3,053,000 1,647,000 Required Prepare the acquisition analysis as at 1 July 2015. Consequential errors will be penalised. 2016.Prepare the BVCR and pre-acquisition worksheet entries ONLY as at 30 June 2016. Journal entry 1 tick for each correct line entry i.e. correct account description AND amount (NO TICK for correct description only or correct amount only.) Consequential errors will not be penalised. 2018. Prepare full consolidation worksheet entries as at 30 June 2018. Journal entry 1 tick for each correct line entry ie correct account description AND amount (NO TICK for correct description only or correct amount only.) Consequential errors will not be penalised. Answers: 1. Acquisition Analysis as on 1st July,2015 using Partly Goodwill Method:- Net Fair Value of Identifiable Assets Liabilities As on 1st July, 2015 Particulars Amount Amount Amount Liabilities (A) Equity Share Capital 460000 General Reserve 50000 Retained Earnings 100000 TOTAL 610000 Difference Of Carrying amount Fair Value of the Assets (B) Fair Value Carrying Amount Inventory 100000 95000 5000 Vehicles 39000 35000 4000 Equipments 309000 294000 15000 Inventory 101000 98000 3000 TOTAL 27000 Net Fair value of Identifiable Assets Liabilities (A+B) 637000 Goodwill Estimation as per Partly Goodwill Method :- Particulars Amount Amount Consideration Transferred ( C ) : Value of Acquisition 526000 Less:30% of Dividend Payable 9000 517000 Non Controlling Interest ( D ) 191100 (30% of Net Fair Value) TOTAL (C+D) 708100 Less: Net Fair Value 637000 Goodwill of Victoria Ltd. 71100 2. BVCR Pre-Acquisition Journal Entries:- In the Books of Victoria Ltd. Journal Entry Date Particulars Amount Amount Dr. Cr. Business Combination Entries :- Land A/c. (Fair Value - Carrying Amount) Dr. 5000 To, Deferred Tax Liability A/c. (@30%) 1500 To, Business Combination Valuation Reserve A/c. (Balance) 3500 Accumulated Depreciation on Vehicles A/c. (Cost - Carrying Amount) Dr. 5000 To, Vehicle A/c. [Acc. Dep. - (Fair Value - Carrying Amount)] 1000 To, Deferred Tax Liability A/c. (@30% ) 1200 To, Business Combination Valuation Reserve A/c. (Balance) 2800 Depreciation Expense A/c. [(Fair Value - Carrying Amount)*1/4) Dr. 1000 To, Accumulated Depreciation on Vehicle A/c. 1000 Deferred Tax Liability A/c. (30% on Dep. On Vehicle) Dr. 120 To, Income Tax Expense A/c. 120 Accumulated Depreciation on Equipments A/c. (Cost - Carrying Amount) Dr. 126000 To, Equipment A/c. [Acc. Dep. - (Fair Value - Carrying Amount)] 111000 To, Deferred Tax Liability A/c. (@30% ) 4500 To, Business Combination Valuation Reserve A/c. (Balance) 10500 Depreciation Expense A/c. [(Fair Value - Carrying Amount)*1/5) Dr. 3000 To, Accumulated Depreciation on Vehicle A/c. 3000 Deferred Tax Liability A/c. (30% on Dep. On Vehicle) Dr. 450 To, Income Tax Expense A/c. 450 Patent A/c. Dr. 90000 To, Deferred Tax Liability A/c. (@30%) 27000 To, Business Combination Valuation Reserve A/c. (Balance) 63000 Business Combination Valuation Reserve A/c. Dr. 10500 Deferred Tax Liability A/c. (@30%) Dr. 4500 To Contingent Liability A/c. 15000 Cost of Sales A/c. (Fair Value - Carrying Amount) Dr. 3000 To Income Tax Expense A/c. (@30%) 900 To Transfer from Business Combination Valuation Reserve A/c. (Balance) 2100 Transfer from Business Combination Valuation Reserve A/c. Dr. 2100 To, Business Combination Valuation Reserve A/c. 2100 Pre- Acquistion Entry on 1.07.2016:- 01.07.16 Retained Earnings A/c Dr. 70000 Share Capital A/c Dr. 322000 General Reserve A/c Dr. 35000 Goodwill A/c. (Balance) Dr. 49020 Business Combination Valuation Reserve A/c. Dr. 49980 To, Shares in Melbourne Ltd.A/c.. 526000 3. Consolidated worksheet Journal Entries Amount Amount Date Particulars Dr Cr Equipment Design 15000 Deferred ax liability 9400 Business combination value reserve 5600 Amortisation expense 1500 Retained earnings (1/7/2018) 3700 Accumulated amortisation 5200 (1/10*13000 ) Deferred tax liability 1200 Income tax expenses 800 Retained Earnings (1/7/2018) 400 Depreciation expense 850 Profit on Sale of machinery 2550 Income tax expenses 1000 Retained earnings (1/7/2018) 1500 Transfer from business combination Valuation of reserve 4100 (Depreciation is 1/5*6000 p.a) Accumulated impairments losses-goodwill 12000 Goodwill 12000 Goodwill 30000 Business combination valuation reserve 30000 Pre-acquisition entries Retained earnings (1/7/2016) 18000 Share capital 470000 Other reserves 25000 Other components of equity (1/7/2016) 10000 Business combination valuation reserve 6000 Goodwill 30000 Shares in Melbourne ltd 559000 NCI share of changes from equity 1/7/2016 to 30/6/2018 NCI profit share 9510 NCI 9510 NCI dividend 1250 Dividends Paid 1250 NCI 1000 Dividends declared 1000 Transfer from other reserve funds 500 Transfer to retained earnings 500 Share capital 7000 Other reserves and bonus issues 7000 Transfer from business combination 1000 valuation reserve Business combination valuation reserve 1000 Dividends Paid Dividends revenue 5000 Dividends declared 5000 Dividends payable 3500 Dividends receivable 3500 Sale of plant Victoria ltd to Melbourne ltd Retained earnings (1/7/2018) 2500 Deferred tax assets 1500 Plant 5000 NCI effect NCI 600 Retained earnings (1/7/2018) 600 Depreciation Accumulated depreciation 1200 Retained earnings (1/7/2018) 600 Depreciation expense 600 Income tax expense 150 Retained earnings (1/7/2018) 150 Deferred tax 3000 Profit from opening inventory Retained earnings 450 Income tax expense 500 Cost of sales 950 sale of inventory: current period Sales 15000 Cost of sales 12500 Inventories 2500 Deferred tax assets 250 Income tax expense 250 Reference list Abuaddous, M., Hanefah, M.M. and Laili, N.H., 2014. Accounting standards, goodwill impairment and earnings management in Malaysia.International Journal of Economics and Finance,6(12), p.201. AbuGhazaleh, Naser M., Osama Musa Al-Hares, and Ayman E. Haddad. "The value relevance of goodwill impairments: UK evidence."International Journal of Economics and Finance4, no. 4 (2012). Argyrou, Argyris. "Auditing Journal Entries Using Extreme Value Theory."Auditing7 (2013): 1-2013. Avallone, Francesco, and Alberto Quagli. "Insight into the variables used to manage the goodwill impairment test under IAS 36."Advances in Accounting31, no. 1 (2015): 107-114. Jarva, Henry. "Economic consequences of SFAS 142 goodwill write offs."Accounting Finance54, no. 1 (2014): 211-235. Kim, Sohyung, Cheol Lee, and Sung Wook Yoon. "Goodwill accounting and asymmetric timeliness of earnings."Review of Accounting and Finance12, no. 2 (2013): 112-129. Matemilola, Bolaji Tunde, and Rubi Ahmad. "Debt financing and importance of fixed assets and goodwill assets as collateral: dynamic panel evidence."Journal of Business Economics and Management16, no. 2 (2015): 407-421. Stallman, Adam Thomas, and Larry William Youngren. "Journaling database changes using minimized journal entries that may be output in human-readable form." U.S. Patent 8,447,725, issued May 21, 2013. Answers Reference list

School Violence Essays (1252 words) - Abuse, Crime,

School Violence It was the week before spring break. Alex Orange, a popular student and football player at West Charlotte High School in Charlotte, North Carolina, was looking forward to spending time with his dad in Tennessee. But that Friday, he decided to stop by a house party being held by the Debonairs, a high school social club. It had been billed as a Stop the Violence Party. Word of the party spread. School would be out soon and students were ready to celebrate. More than two hundred teenagers were dancing, talking and having fun, when some students from a rival high school showed up looking for trouble. They began beating up people with baseball bats. Then Alex saw a man pull out a gun. He grabbed it, but when he lost his grip, the man pointed the gun at him and fired, blasting a hole in his chest. People began to run. Unfortunately, what happened to Alex Orange is not unusual. Homicide is the third leading cause of death for children between the ages of ten and eighteen. And it is the leading killer of African Americans, both male and female, between 14 and 25 (Day 8). There is definitely a problem with school violence today. The last three years have shown us that violence in our schools society is more common today then ever before. People are at the greatest risk of being crime victims during their teenage years. It is not surprising, then that most of these crimes take place in schools. In the time it took you to read to this point, fifteen school crimes were committed. A school crime occurs every 6 seconds (Day 10). Chaudhuri, Page 2 There are many factors that influence and cause violence in schools but the major ones would have to be hatred, caused by racial prejudices or bullying within the school, effects of violence in media on children and the home life of students. Sometimes school violence stems not from a disagreement between students, but from hatred. Hatred not of what someone does but of what someone is. These incidents are referred to as hate crimes because they stem from a hatred of an entire race or ethnic group. According to one survey thirty-four percent of school violence is of a racial or ethnic nature (Day 48). Prejudice is often the result of lack of experience with members of another group. In diverse communities, people grow up knowing members of other groups as individuals, not as faceless stereotypes. Racially mixed communities actually have the lowest levels of racial prejudice. Bullying. It is a familiar story: one kid picking on another for being fat, wearing glasses, or talking funny. This may sound typical but, researchers say it is not accurate. Although victims of bullying may be younger and weaker than the bully, they are not necessarily students who are just different. Bullying has been defined as physical or psychological abuse towards individuals who are not able to defend themselves. It is widespread. In a study of fourth through ninth graders, ninety percent reported being bullied. The most likely victims of bullying are people who are anxious, insecure, cautious, sensitive and quiet. These individuals have poor opinions of themselves and feel stupid, ashamed or unattractive. Most bullies are boys, but girls can be bullies as well. Chaudhuri, Page 3 Many school officials feel that the media play a major role in the increase in school violence. Television programs, movies, video games and even music lyrics are often filled with violent images, violent heroes, and violent acts. Some people think that this has led to an increased acceptance of violence as a way to solve problems. Children see violence in movies and on TV with no ethical context. It is exciting and satisfying to see heroes live and villains die. Nobody ends up in a wheelchair or hospital bed and children may not realize that death is permanent, unalterable, final and tragic (Day 23). Violent video games can also lead children to committing acts of violence against other children and adults. A child who plays violent video games will resort to violence more easily when faced with a problem than a child who has never been exposed to such interactive killing. Video

Diegesis and Diegetic

Diegesis and Diegetic Diegesis and Diegetic Diegesis and Diegetic By Maeve Maddox This summer I enlarged my vocabulary while participating in an online film course. Among the words new to me are diegesis [DYE-uh-JEE-sis] and diegetic [DYE-uh-JET- ik]. The terms are barely a blip on the Ngram Viewer until the 1970s, when they were introduced into the context of film studies in 1973 by an essay written by a French film critic in the journal Screen. Diegesis does have an OED citation previous to 1973, but only one, dated 1829: The Diegesis, being a Discovery of the Origin, Evidences, and Early History of Christianity. Diegesis comes from a Greek word meaning narration or narrative. In the context of film studies, diegesis denotes the story of the movie. The diegesis includes the fictional time, place, characters, and events that make up the universe portrayed. Diegetic is an adjective that means â€Å"pertaining to diegesis.† The most frequent use of diegetic that I’ve seen so far is in the term â€Å"diegetic sound.† Sound that originates within the action of the story is diegetic sound. For example, when Spock plays his Vulcan harp in a Star Trek episode, the sound of the harp is diegetic. The characters in the story can hear it. The spooky music that signals something bad about to happen to the landing party is non-diegetic sound. It exists outside the story. The viewer hears it, but not the characters. Here are examples of the use of diegesis and its forms in critiques of film and written literature: In the film [Children of Men], sound supports this vision by remaining for the most part diegetic, emerging as everyday sounds of street noise, chaos, sirens, conversations, overheard music, and so forth. During After Hours, Scorsese appears diagetically in Club Berlin wearing a military uniform. Like the diegetic appearances by Scorsese in Taxi Driver, Raging Bull and The King of Comedy, the moment works reflexively in terms of Scorsese’s extra-diegetic role as director. The embedded worlds may be more or less continuous with the world of the primary diegesis, as in Wuthering Heights, or they may be subtly different, as in the play-within-the-play of Hamlet. I’ve even seen the term used in reference to a video game in which the â€Å"non-diegetic element† is a line of informational text that pops up on the screen, interfering with play: The non-diegetic elements fade in and out, out of the players control, which of course results in a complete lack of control for the player. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:30 Synonyms for â€Å"Meeting†50 Types of PropagandaList of 50 Compliments and Nice Things to Say!

Learn About Common Cores IEP Math Goals

Learn About Common Core's IEP Math Goals The IEP math goals below are aligned to the Common Core State Standards, and are designed in a progressive manner: once the top numeration goals are met, your students should be moving on through these goals and onto the intermediate grade goals. The goals that are printed come directly from the site created by the Council of Chief State School Officers, and adopted by 42 states, the American Virgin Islands and the District of Columbia. Feel free to copy and paste these suggested goals into your IEP documents. Johnny Student is listed where your students name belongs. Counting and Cardinality Students need to be able to count to 100 by ones.  IEP  goals in this area include examples such as: When given numbers representing numerals between one and 10, Johnny Student will order and name the numbers in the correct order, for eight out of 10 numbers with 80 percent accuracy in three of four consecutive trials.When given a hundred chart with 20 of the number blocks blank, Johnny Student will write the correct numbers in the blanks for 16 of 20 blanks (demonstrating 80 percent accuracy) in three of four consecutive trials.   Counting Forward Students need to be able to count forward beginning from a given number within the known sequence (instead of having to begin at one). Some possible goals in this area include: When given a card with a number between one and 20, Johnny Student will count up five numbers from the number on the card, with 80 percent accuracy in three out of four consecutive trials.When given written sequences of numbers (such as 5, 6, 7, 8, 9) with five blanks, Johnny Student will correctly write the numbers in the five blanks, with 80 percent accuracy in three out of four consecutive trials. Writing Numbers to 20 Students should be able to write numbers from zero to 20 and also represent a number of objects with a written numeral (0 to 20). This skill is often referred to as one-to-one correspondence where a student demonstrates an understanding that a set or array of objects is represented by a particular number. Some possible goals in this area might read: When given 10 picture arrays representing numbers between one and 10, Johnny Student will correctly write the corresponding number in the accompanying box (on the accompanying line) for eight of 10 numbers (showing 80 percent) in three of four consecutive trials.When given an array of counters and a set of number cards from one to 10, Johnny Student will find the corresponding number and lay it next to the array with 80 percent accuracy in three out of four consecutive trials. Understanding Relationships Between Numbers Students need to understand the relationship between numbers and quantities. Goals in this area might include: When given a template with 10 squares, and presented with counters in varied arrays from one to 10, Johnny Student will count aloud, naming each counter as it is placed in a square with 80 percent accuracy in three out of four consecutive trials.When given an array of counters from one to 20, Johnny Student will count the counters and answer the question, How many did you count? with 80 percent accuracy in three out of four consecutive trials.

Easyjet Plc Financial Report Analysis (Report) Essay

Easyjet Plc Financial Report Analysis (Report) - Essay Example As the head of the organization, her term has experienced tremendous growth and expansion of services. Under the chief executive officer is a team of ten directors, charged with the responsibility of ensuring the continuity as well as the performance of the company in light of its goals in the corporate scene. Indeed, the good performance of the group points to the good collaboration, as well as the organization structure, which facilitates easy delegation of duties, understanding and accountability in the top management. The company has strict legal boundaries that cover the operations of the business and regulates how the company deals with its environment. Company law outlines the provisions under which the company operates, and in particular, the company is obliged to disclose its financial statements in accordance with the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) and has an obligation to present the true status of the company at the given time. Further, the Company Act of 2006 details the roles of the directors, as well as the legal requirements that are put in place pertaining how the company presents its financial documents. Modern Airlines companies operate under strict regulatory measures and Easyjet PLC that ensures efficiency in delivery of services as well as reducing unstructured processes that have continued to hinder the full development of modern airports. Indeed, the company continues to advocate for legal reforms that will introduce more slots in the handling of airport ground operations, a move that will increase competition and increase efficiency. The company continues to operate under the European Union regulatory guidelines, and the subsequent improvement in the infrastructure in the region has benefited EasyJet PLC’s operations. Contemporary organizations thrive or fail depending on the capabilities of its management team to steer the organization in the

Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 137

Assignment Example Thus, the equation is equal. Adding the exponents is just the shortcut in doing the multiplication of equation with different exponents. 2. The equation  is not equal to . As you can see, when you substitute the variable with the quantity 2, the first equation will yield 24,576 while the second will result to 2,304, which are not the same values. Thus, it is wrong to assume that in raising a power to another power you add their exponents. Instead, the exponents will have to be multiplied. Here is what will happen to the given equation: To test if the equation is correct, substituting the variable with any quantity will yield the same results. For example, substituting the variable with number 2 will result to 24,576 to both sides. As you can see, the only way to raise the power with another power is to multiply the exponents. 3. We can simplify the equation  + 3  because they have the same base raised to the exponent 4. As a general rule with addition, you can only add like terms. In simplifying the equation using reverse distribution method, here is what will happen: The common term common to both the sides taken as general factor is . Thus, the equation is simplified. On the other hand,  + 4  can not be simplified further because the base p is not raised to the same power. You can not add unlike terms. Thus, the equation can not be simplified

The Iron Lady Essay Example for Free

The Iron Lady Essay The Iron Lady BY sptke25 The Iron Lady If you lead a country like Britain, a strong country, a country which has taken a lead in world affairs in good times and in bad, a country that is always reliable, then you have to have a touch of iron about you. Margaret Thatcher, the first woman to lead a major Western democracy, spoke these words. She served as Great Britains Prime Minister for more than eleven years (1979-1990), and led with an iron fist bringing down inflation in England, reviving the British economy, reclaiming the Falkland Islands, and never wavering against the Soviets in the Cold War. Born as Margaret Hilda Roberts on October 13, 1925, in Grantham, Lincolnshire, England, she was the youngest daughter of Alfred and Beatrice Roberts. Her father was a local businessman who operated a grocery store where the Roberts family lived in an apartment above. Thatcher was introduced to politics by her father. He was active in the town council and later became mayor. She was accepted at Oxford University where she studied chemistry, although it took second place to her love of politics. Thus, she became politically active on campus. She was elected president of the student Conservative Association at Oxford which ave way to many political connections for her future. She ran as the Conservative candidate for the Labour seat of Dartford at the General Elections of 1950 and 1951. Although she lost both times, she did win fame for being the youngest woman candidate in the country, since during the elections; she was only in her mid- Losing never deterred Thatcher. She continued her involvement with twenties. the Conservative Party in Kent where she met her future husband, Denis Thatcher. They were married in 1951. He, being a wealthy businessman, funded her studies for the bar, and she became a barrister in 1953. It was that same year she and her husband excitedly welcomed their twins, Mark and Carol into their family. Even though a new mother, Margaret Thatcher did not slow down her political rampage. She kept focus and finally in 1959 she smoothly took the election and claimed her seat in the House of Commons. She was everything from Secretary at the Ministry of Pensions and National Insurance to Secretary of State for Education and Science. She gained many supporters, as well as fueling many protesters; especially when she felt forced to make cuts in the Educational budget and tossed out free milk in the schools. This action gained her the nickname, Maggie Thatcher, milk snatcher. Her popularity and fortitude as a leader rebounded quite nicely, and she became the Conservative Leader. On January 19th, 1976 Thatcher made a speech in Kensington Town Hall. During this speech, she boldly attacked the Soviet Union. Her most famous lines were: The Russians are bent on world dominance, and they are rapidly acquiring the means to become the most powerful imperial nation the world has seen. The men in the Soviet Politburo do not have to worry about the ebb and flow of public opinion. They put guns before butter, while we put Just about verything before guns. Ministry newspaper, Red Star. Although others may have been offended by this, Thatcher took great pride in gaining that reputation from a government she held little to no admiration for. During the winter of 78/79 an epidemic of strikes broke out across Britain. The trade union was demanding pay increases. The government in place at the time, the Labours, seemed to be losing the confidence of the public, so at the General Election of May 1979, the Conservative party won. Margaret Thatcher was now the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom. The first term of Thatchers Ministry was filled with economic pitfalls. She and her government put many long term goals into effect, which slowly proved to be successful. The economy was finally on the rise. Much political support was bestowed upon her because of this success, and re-election looked viable, yet that fate would be sealed by another event: The Falkland Islands. Argentina and Great Britain had been for years at odds with each other over the islands. The English had seized the Islands and remained in control of them since 1833. Yet on April 2, 1982 the Argentine troops invaded the island. They quickly were able to overcome the British marines stationed there. Margaret Thatcher working with the U. S. dministration hoped that a more diplomatic means would be possible while attempting to regain the islands, yet when this approach failed, she quickly and assuredly ordered military action. In doing so, Britain regained the Falkland Islands by June of 1982. The electorate was quite impressed and she swiftly won the 1983 election. Mrs. Thatcher was a staunch anti-communist and a supporter of NATOs decision to deploy U. S. Pershing and cruise mis siles in Western Europe during the Cold War. She also took a stand against anti-nuclear demonstrators at Greenam Common. The demonstrators were set on topping the delivery of the 160 missiles to be placed there. She also set the foundation for and delivered a modernized British Fleet consisting of Trident II nuclear submarines. She made her position quite clear as she stood with Ronald Reagan declaring that the Soviet Union was an evil enemy who deserved no No compromise, however, did not mean no discussion; Thatcher compromise. was not afraid to discuss the massive nuclear problem or the woes of communism with the newly elected Soviet leader, Mikhail Gorbachev. She found him to be extremely open-minded. He was willing to debate, argue his point, yet listen to the ther side. In an interview with CBS newsman Tom Fenton, she stated that he was the first person to have said: Look, all our hopes of communism are not being realized. It is not producing the standard of living, it is not producing the standard of technology, it is not producing the standard of social services. This total central control will not do, it will not do it, we have got to have more individual personal involvement. She felt that Gorbachev knew an increase of freedom was inevitable for improving his country. Thatcher found that she liked the man and was quoted as saying that she felt they could do business together.

Compare how visual images are used in Blessing and one other poem Essay

Compare how visual images are used in Blessing and one other poem (Vultures) to highlight political issues. The poet of Blessing Imtiaz Dharker and the poet of Vultures Chinua Achebe both use visual images to highlight the political issues in both poems. However both poems are very different from each other and contrast from of the poets’ views. The poem Blessing is about a water pipe bursting and how that is a blessing, as in the country they live in water is very limited and it doesn’t rain much in the country. The poem Vultures is about the evil of war and how evil always has good and good always has evil. The contrast in the two poems is Blessing is about Poverty and lack of water, whereas Vultures is about war and ethnic dying. In the poem Blessing the poet discusses the theme of third world poverty and the lack of water through using different language feature. For example line one â€Å"The skin cracks like a pod.† Using like in the sentence it shows that the poet is comparing dry skin to a pod, a pod dries out till it crack. There is also onomatopoeia used in this poem, â€Å"sliver crashes to the ground† crash is normally a negative onomatopoeia as the first thing that may come to our head may be car crash; however it is used as a positive as it is used with silver. Silver is a value metal and is precious, this shows how precious the water was to them. In the poem Vultures the poet discusses the theme of war and ethnic dying by using different language features. For example in Vultures the poet has used repetition of death and negative vocabulary a number of different times. â€Å"perching high on broken bone of a dead tree† in the phrase there are tow negative words. These negative words show that the Vul... ...g and Vultures to show the different political issues. In the poem Blessing visual images are portrayed about third world poverty, and in the poem Vultures it more about war a more political issue. Even though poverty is a political issue it could be easily stopped but would take a long time. War alternatively would take a long time and could also easily be. In contrast poverty could only be created by other countries it could also be created by the country it’s self. For example in the poem Vultures the commandment could stop imposing rules for others to follow, this would bring a stop to evil. However gathering the money to bring poverty to end would take a number of months. The in poem Blessing I thought the country may have been living in poverty for a number of years and didn’t have water for a number weeks. This could have lead to a number of deaths.

Women of Trachis

Dying Wishes In the court of law, the â€Å"dying declaration† is the only form of testimony that a Judge will not rule out as hearsay. The logic being, that a man at the very edge of his life has nothing to lose, so therefore would have no reason to lie. In Sophocles’ tragedy, Women of Trachis, several characters make dying declarations, some of them, in fact, lies! These deathbed declarations, allow us to see into the minds of these characters. When the story opens, Deineira has been getting worried that something terrible has happened to him.She sends her son, Hyllus off to Eurytus to look for the lost warrior. Heracles’ herald, Lichas makes up a story about how Heracles was enslaved due to King Eurytus, and got his revenge by destroying the land and taking their women. However, a messenger points out that the whole reason Hercules ransacked the city was so that he could have the beautiful Iole for himself, for whom he was â€Å"hot with desire. † Inste ad of being furious with Heracles for being unfaithful, she eschews the blame to the gods of love, who â€Å"temped† him.It is then that she recalls the death wish of Nessus the centaur. As Nessus laid impaled with Heracles’ poison arrow, he whispered to Deineira that if she kept his clotted blood, she could use it later to â€Å"Charm on the mind of Heraclues so he will never see a woman he loves more than you. (87)† While it is generally uncommon for people to tell a lie on their death bed, this case was certainly an exception. Deineria was extremely naive to believe that a beast who had just been killed by her own husband would do her a favor.It seems perfectly clear that the centaur would want to avenge his own death by killing Heracles, which he ended up doing posthumously, because Dieneria took his word for it. She doesn’t realize until after her husband’s death what the beast’s true intentions were. Had Dieneria not put all her trust in the centaur, and assigned Heracles more blame for his ownshortcomings, the story might have had a happier ending. Once Dieneria hears that her attempt to â€Å"charm† Heracles has ended up causing Heracles a long, painful death, she kills herself in anguish.As Heracles is dying, throbbing with pain, he makes two grueling requests of his son Hyllus. First, he asks Hyllus to take him to the top of the mountain, chop down some trees, and set him on fire, to take him out of his misery, a task a son should never have to do to his own father. On top of that, Heracles insists that Hyllus marry Iole, the very woman who was the catalyst for the death of both of Hyllus’ parents. This is the worst imaginable scenario for Hyllus. By asking his son do this Heracles demonstrates his complete lack of sensitivity or compassion.Not only does he have no remorse whatsoever for deserting his wife for another woman, he wants his son to carry on this legacy of adultery for the rest of hi s life by wedding her. This shows complete lack of respect to his wife, and lack of compassion for his son. These dying declarations demonstrate the character flaws that end up killing Deineria and Heracles. Deineria’s naiviety and and overtrust get her into trouble, while Heracles’ downfall is his lack of compassion. Together, these character flaws are enough to cause great tragedy.

Consider how Shakespeare presents madness Essay

Consider how Shakespeare presents madness in the play and explain whether you think it does illustrate how, â€Å"something is rotten in the state of Denmark. † One of the main themes in Hamlet is that of madness. Shakespeare conveys madness through not only Hamlet but through other characters as well, such as Ophelia, to covey that that the state of Denmark is rotten. At the beginning of the play, the first thing introduced are the night watchmen seeing the ghost. This is at the beginning because it is the first event in the chain that eventually leads to Hamlet seeking revenge for his father’s death. Although he was upset by his father’s death and his mother’s ‘o’erhasty marriage’, it was the revelation that his father was murdered that he thinks that he must take revenge. When Horatio first speaks to the ghost he recognises that it is unnatural for it to be there; â€Å"What art thou that unsurp’st this time of night†, illustrating that he feels that the ghost has ‘wrongfully seized’ the night. The atmosphere is unsettling and the ghost’s unnatural appearance is a sign of the bad things going on in Denmark, especially the court; â€Å"This bodes some strange eruption to our state. † During the times that the play was written, unusual things that happened were seen as a sign that something was not right in the courts; â€Å"Something is rotten in the state of Denmark†. This could be referring either to the whole of Denmark, or just the courts. It is after Hamlet sees the ghost that he decides that he will pretend to be mad; â€Å"put an antic disposition on†, but he does not want his friends to tell anyone what they have seen or that he is feigning madness; â€Å"Never make known what you have seen tonight†, as he believes that this way he can find means to exact his revenge on Claudius for killing his father; â€Å"And thy commandment all alone shall live within the book and volume of my brain†, meaning that all he shall have in his thoughts is how the ghost of his father told him to exact revenge on Claudius. This is the first step in the theme of madness for the play. Although Hamlet clearly says that he will be putting on his madness, it is uncertain whether actually he does go mad during the play, as illustrated in his outbursts towards his mother and Ophelia, and the murder of Polonius. There is much deception during the play, such as Claudius trying to gloss over the fact that he knows that his marriage to Gertrude could be seen as incest by the Church and that Hamlet should have been the rightful heir to the throne; â€Å"Yet so far hath discretion fought with nature that we with wisest sorrow think on him together with remembrance of ourselves. † He says that he is mourning and feels that mourning is appropriate for the old king, but he must think of himself, perhaps hinting at the fact that the death was convenient for him and he has had enough of mourning. This is characteristic of him throughout the play as all he has done and will do is for his own self interest, as when Hamlet asks if he can leave the castle, Claudius refuses, saying; â€Å"And we beseech you, bend you to remain here in the cheer and comfort of our eye†. He appears to be asking him to stay for his comfort, but he actually wants to keep an eye on him because he knows that he is still a threat to him and the throne. He at first seemed to want Hamlet to become like a son to him, but that changes as soon as he realises he could be a threat to him. He also continually uses the words ‘we’, ‘our’ and ‘us’ to establish himself as the husband of Gertrude and the King of Denmark. Polonius comments; â€Å"with pious action we do sugar o’er the devil himself†. To which Claudius replies as an aside; â€Å"The harlot’s cheek, beautied with plastering art, is not more ugly to the thing that helps it than is my deed to my most painted word. † Claudius admits that he is covering up the truth, continuing the theme of deception, adding to the audience’s awareness of the rottenness of Denmark. As there becomes more deception and secrecy throughout the play, it seems that the imagery in the language reflects the deception, and images of disease are used; â€Å"For the sun breed maggots in a dead dog, being a good kissing carrion†. This could be language to refer to how that state of Denmark is rotting, but also Hamlet’s language seems to reflect his turmoil as he tried to decide what to do about Claudius, and as he gets more frustrated with himself he becomes more abusive towards his mother and Ophelia; â€Å"You are keen my lord, you are keen. † â€Å"It would cost you a groaning to take off mine edge. † He is taunting Ophelia using double meaning. Hamlet is very good at creating double meanings, like when he says to Claudius; â€Å"I am to much i’th’sun†, which he says as if he is in too much sunshine but also he is saying that he feels too much like Claudius’s son. Later in the play the text says; â€Å"It will but skin and film the ulcerous place, whiles rank corruption, mining all within, infects unseen. † He is saying that corruption, like infection starts within, and the corruption of Denmark will begin with the court. This also links in with madness because madness also starts from within – within the mind, and perhaps it is saying that just one unstable mind could bring down all the state. Another way that Shakespeare presents madness in the play is through Ophelia. She goes mad after Hamlet kills her father, but also because of the way Hamlet treated her – cruelly. He said to her that he loved her, and there were some hints that he had been intimate with her, but he treats her badly and even tells her that he does not love her. She has been a victim of a corrupt society – from Hamlet leaving her and from her father, such as using her as a pawn to spy on Hamlet. After she has become mad, she sings many songs. The first one that she sings is, ‘How should I you true love know’. This song could be her recalling the death of her father; â€Å"He is dead and gone lady, he is dead and gone. † This is the first thing that comes into her mind to sing about, so it must be the thing that is foremost in her mind. It could also be that she is recalling how Hamlet is now lost to her, and she is still looking for her true love, because it seems obvious that she has not found him yet. However, the rest of the songs seem to be about Hamlet, as they are about lost love and some of them imply that Ophelia had been sexually intimate with Hamlet; â€Å"Quoth she, before you tumbled me you promised me to wed†. It seems that both her father and Hamlet are responsible for Ophelia’s madness, and this is reiterated by what Ophelia sings about. Ophelia was controlled all the men in her life, and this was customary for the time, but it seems that they took too much of a hold on her, with none of them considering her feelings, for her father told her to no longer speak to Hamlet as it could affect his career, Laertes also told her to stay away from Hamlet and Hamlet was cruel to her. She also says, after her first song; â€Å"They say the owl was a baker’s daughter. † This could just be nonsense, but it could also be referring to her father, saying that once she was the daughter of a man in the court, but now she is just the daughter of a dead old man. Polonius did help the corruption in Denmark, such as spying and trying to make sure his own career was safe, and because of him Ophelia is mad. Hamlet also said that he loved Ophelia, and whereas before he was tender, due to the corruption around him and his succumbing to it, he was a factor in Ophelia’s madness, which eventually led to her suicide. By the actions of people around her, Ophelia is tainted by the corruptness around, as Hamlet says in the beginning of the play says that she is pure, but later on says she is wanton like all women, and tells her; â€Å"to a nunnery go. † This could be to send her to be protected, or it could be a sarcastic remark telling her to go to a brothel.

Grimm Brothers essays

Grimm Brothers essays The brothers Jakob and Wilhelm Grimm are absolutely a pair that has shaken the world and thus this dynamic partnership rightfully belongs among the one thousand most influential people of these last one thousand years. Jakob and Wilhelm Grimm were simply two close brothers growing up in a small town called Hanau within the country of Germany. Little did they know that they were to change the way society views science and politics, morals and language, and literature and life. Their tireless work would forever leave its mark on the world. Jakob Grimm was born on January 4, 1785. His brother Wilhelm was born a short year later on February 24, 1786. They grew up with 9 brothers and sisters. Three of the nine children died young. This left Jakob as the oldest with Wilhelm the second oldest. Their father, Phillip Grimm, a lawyer and court official, died in 1796. This caused his family to move back to their mothers hometown. At the ages of thirteen and fourteen the brothers lived with their aunt as they attended school in Kassel. By 1803 Jakob and Wilhelm were both studying law at the University of Marsburg and in 1806 they had begun to compile folktales out of a sense of patriotism, personal interest, and as a favor for a friend. Life was fine until 1808, the year their mother Dorothea Grimm died. This forced the responsible brothers to take up jobs at their alma mater, Kassel, so they could support their younger siblings. At Kassel, Jakob and Wilhelm worked as librarians. In 1812 their first edition of Childrens and Household Tales was published. This was the result of years of recording and editing German folklore taken from storytellers. In 1819 the brothers Grimm, now established scholars, received their doctorates from the University of Marsburg. In 1825 Wilhelm married Henriette Wild and by 1830 both Grimm brothers had resigned from their positions at Kassel and had become professors at the University of Gtt...

3 Super Easy Steps to Make Your Resume Powerful

3 Super Easy Steps to Make Your Resume Powerful A resume isn’t just a list of everything you’ve done. It’s your first shot at convincing a company that you’re the perfect fit. Part of that is making clear that your particular skills and experience match precisely with their needs. They’re looking for specialists- you need to show them you have the skills. Resume trends change over time and recruiters tend to look for specific things. Here are three ways to make sure your resume isn’t too general to get you the job.  In addition, here are some of the best resume tips in 2016 that can help you land your next job interview.1. Do your researchDon’t just blitz the thing to every company that’s hiring in your city. Find a company for whom you know you’d be a fit. Find one that’s the right size for you, in the right industry, and one that you are excited about. Make a short list of these dream companies and focus on them. What’s the culture at each one? Where would you fit in the best? Do you have a particular selling point that would dazzle one company more than the others based on their mission and scope?2. Be specificOnce you’ve figured out exactly what your ideal company or position is looking for, show them your track record! Tell them precisely how and why you are perfect for  that specific job in  your personal branding statement. You can incorporate this â€Å"look no further† kind of language into descriptions of each position you have held.3. Show, don’t tellConsider using an infographic or image of some kind to drive home your point. A chart or a graph can illustrate a particular success claim dramatically, if used correctly. This is a new trend in resumes, but can be very effective when done correctly.The bottom line is to make sure you know what the company wants, then make sure you show them just how perfectly you match their needs, item by item. It might require a bit of extra work in the resume-cr afting stage, but you’ll be glad you did it.4 Resume Tips To Prove You’re The Perfect Fit For The Position

[Communication spread-Internet] How has the spread of communications Essay

[Communication spread-Internet] How has the spread of communications technology afected cultures around the world Asess the extent to which the Internet is a medium for Western culture alone - Essay Example The most immediate and obvious result of the spread of the internet and communications technologies in recent years has been the political destabilizing effects they can have for despotic regimes across the world. As with so much in history, this all boils down to a question of power. Much of late industrial society was witness to the atomization of individuals with respect to their position in society. Consumerism broke down social bonds and links. The internet has somewhat reversed that trend. It has allowed people, not just for political reasons but also for cultural or religious ones, to unite and â€Å"re-connect† with one another. â€Å"Information Age gurus claim the Internet will alleviate global poverty, empower individuals, revolutionize commerce, and spread the light of democracy to far corners of the globe†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Shapiro 1999). One well-known example was the case of the 2008 Olympic Games in Beijing. When the government sought to crackdown on protesters, the internet allowed many to network with one another. Freedom loving peoples from cultures around the world have found in the internet a means of connecting. Just before the Olympics, Chinese human-rights activist Hu Jia was able to testify via the internet to the European Parliamentà ¢â‚¬â„¢s Subcommittee on Human Rights and â€Å"[deplore] the ‘human-rights disaster’ in China† (Billitteri 2008). Aside from bringing people together, the internet has exposed people to values and cultures other than their own in a way which was hitherto only possible with international travel. People can communicate across oceans and continents. A great part of this â€Å"exposure† has been the spread of democratic ideals and Western cultural values about freedom. For much of human history, the de facto system of government was almost always tyranny of one form or another. In recent centuries, beginning in the West, there developed the idea that the public should have a

Article Abstract 8 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Article Abstract 8 - Essay Example The empirical analysis is carried out on a racial basis. The conclusion of the research is that race has no significance whatsoever where the price of a rookie baseball card is concerned. This conclusion was reached after lack of evidence of customer discrimination on racial basis for the blacks or Hispanics research subjects (Gabriel, Curtis and Timothy 228). The estimation of the results of the research analysis has been well broken down and articulated well. This is especially so after the results being differentiated for the hitter and pitchers and the composite indexes of the prices well indicated. The estimated results also differentiate between the card price of Hispanics and that of the blacks in the descriptive statistics. The researchers did not clearly explain the sample size, population or even the sampling technique used in this particular research. The other thing that should have been present but lacked in this research is more literature review. The researchers only dwelt on literature by one group of researchers and hence making the research not

Financial and Investment Opportunity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Financial and Investment Opportunity - Essay Example When assessing investment suitability, most advisers and investment managers take into consideration customer’s attitude to risk, but they fail to account appropriately for their capacity for loss. Therefore, this calls for financial consultants to assess the clients’ attitude towards risks during the evaluation of investments process using the most suitable tools. Discussion While assessing the individual’s attitude towards risks, the use of gender, age, parental background and even height is used to measure the willingness to take risks in general (Newell, Chan & Goodridge 2011, p 210-19). To better understand the attitude to risk by investors, data from previous research as well as field experiment, are used to assess these attitudes. The previous review is done in order to know the gaps to be filled while determining the attitudes towards risks. A random sample of clients that come to the bank as well as online banking clients are requested to fill in questionnaires. In this quest, to fill gaps, there are things that need to be taken in to consideration as the process of assessment is taking place. According to Mowbray (2011), gaps are bridged by focusing on some key themes such as the risk that a client is willing and able to tolerate, the client’s capacity for loss and identifying clients who are neither willing nor able to accept the risk of loss. Apart from that, the client’s requirements must be considered, and this involves collecting of information that includes the client’s investment knowledge, risk tolerance, investment horizon and the capacity to make regular contributions and meet extra collateral requirements where appropriate. Thereafter, every client’s information should be documented and appropriately updated on a continuous basis. In case a client does not give full information, it does not mean that the advisor cannot assess the client’s attitude towards risk. If the same advisor is not able to make the assessment, an explanation has to be made to the client on the limitation of assessment due to lack of information or the assumptions made in relation to advice given. After having the information of various clients, a hierarchy is developed to clarify their needs and the firm’s products. The upper levels of the hierarchy are solved to give a weighting scheme that determines the relative importance of each factor while determining the applicable portfolio. The lowest level of the hierarchy evaluates assets to give a portfolio applicable for a single investor’s problem (Bolster, Janjigia & Trahan, 1995). The most suitable portfolio is chosen by combining the local weights deri ved for every asset and weights given by the higher levels of the hierarchy (Saaty, 1980). The figure 1 below explains the hierarchy of needs and its possible matching products. Investment opportunities There are different types of investments and each work differently. The most common list of investments usually includes ISA, shares, unit trusts, property and shares and much more. This section describes the opportunities as well as giving advice to the clients while choosing investment that best suits their finances and other needs. The firm, as an investment bank, seeks to assist clients in raising capital by acting as the client’s agent in the securities issuance. The firm, also, can manage mergers and acquisitions for companies as well as provide subsidiary services, for example, derivatives trading, instruments of fixed income, foreign exchange, commodities equity securities and market making. Figure 1: Analytical Hierarchy

Influences Of Greek And Roman Theatre

Influences Of Greek And Roman Theatre Desire Under the Elms published in1924 is one of Eugene ONeills American classic plays. This play is written in three parts with each part divided into four scenes. It is based of Greek mythology and Roman tragedy. The setting is farmhouse in New England in 1850s with characters Ephraim Cabot 76 year old father, Simeon and Peter sons of the first wife, Eben son of the second wife, Abbie Putnam 35 year old third wife, young girl, two farmers, the fiddler, a sheriff, and other folk from the neighboring farms. This play portrays many elements of day to day life ambiences passion, betrayal, love, lust, hate, infanticide, tragedy, haunting past, persuasion, and sacrifice for love. Hamlet is a revenge tragedy written in the line of Roman Seneca tragedy. Passion; eroticism; pomposity; persuasiveness; incest; betrayal: partners in sin who go on a redemption, tragic and strong love, forbidden desire, rebellion against a father figure, complex love and hate, sacrifice of a child, the haunting past, determinism of the characters and their inner struggle. The elm serves as a catalyst to sensing, feeling and even seeing that which is not always visible. Elm tree meaning includes strength of will and intuition. During the 18th and 19th centuries, elms were popular as ornamentals by virtue of their rapid growth and variety of foliage and forms. This popularity lasted until World War I when the consequences of hostilities, notably in Germany, and the outbreak of Dutch elm disease saw the elm slide into horticultural decline. Elm wood is valued for its interlocking grain, and consequent resistance to splitting, with significant uses in wheels, chairs and coffins. The wood is also resistant to decay when permanently wet, and hollowed trunks were widely used as water pipes during the medieval period in Europe. Elm trees grow inhardiness zones 2 through 6. Buy an Elm New Horizon tree from Nature Hills Nursery. Elm is thought to be the tree of old Family and family tradition. Elm is often associated with Mother and Earth Goddesses, but it wou ld be completely wrong to say that it represents a female spirit. The main aspect of Elm symbolism is strength; and in that quality it leaves behind even the most powerful trees, such as Oak, Alder or Yew. Elm strength is dark and heavy; it feeds on primary instincts rather than conscious decision. This tree is quite inert and rigid, and its power is not rash; but when Elm gets ready, its strike will completely smash an enemy. Despite such prominent warrior qualities, Elm is not always good in battle. The matter is that this tree has much too passion for classic war activity and in its anger may become totally unmanageable. It personifies a mad berserker, blinded by his rage of blood, who kills everyone on his way, even if it makes no sense. Due to this blindness Elm, though strong and active, is usually not a leader, but a follower (and a very devoted follower!). As appears from the above, Elm is not an easy tree. Nevertheless, it should not be seen as completely evil, and no other tree should either. Some of Elm spiritual qualities are very valuable. For example, rare tree can do better than Elm in defending interests of family or close group. It stands to the last, and will continues to fight even in hopeless situation. Elm loyalty is unquestionable; and it will despise everyone, who shows a sight of weakness or hesitation. Elm is good for any magic workings, which are involving strength; and it also has the ability to add stability and grounding to a spell. Elm does well in dark practices, especially in spells that can bring irreversible material damage. It is known to dull the senses and cause depression or darkness, and is often used in dealing with shadows. Keywords: strength, stability, grounding, foundation, rigid structure, darkness, pressure, blind rage, devotion, loyalty to family, dark passion, fighting to the last. In The monumental tragic consequences of the incest passion that flares between a coquettish, seductive woman and her stepson, and the romantic rhetoric both use while entrapped in their sexual ecstasy. The two infatuated lovers before, while and after they commit the sin of incest, and attempts to measure their romantic rhetoric against such incestuous lust. The two lovers incest takes place in an ominous house teeming with family tensions, intense lust, hatred, and betrayal. In Desire Under the Elms (1924), a domestic peasant tragedy set in New England, Eugene ONeill portrays the grave consequences of the tragic incestuous passion that flares between a coquettish, seductive, young woman and her stepson. Abbie Putnam, a newly widowed young woman and is now old Cabots third wife, is a wicked, lusty, and extremely beautiful woman. ONeill portrays her as a woman who has a captivating and sexy figure full of lust, Abbie is thirty-five, buxom, full of vitality with a sensual face revealing her intense lust, Her round face is pretty, but marred by its rather gross sensuality (Desire Under the Elms 335). Hartman remarks that Abbie embodies the eternal earth spirit in whom all streams of desire converge (361). Abbie is a vivacious woman who lives only on lifes physical level, and once she tries to live on the spiritual level, she destroys others and destroys herself as well. In marrying an old man, the age of her father and maybe against her will, she was plannin g to seize the farmhouse and disinherit her stepsons. It is quite ironical that both Cabot and Eben patronize the same local prostitute. Though Eben hates his father for his immorality and sensuality, he himself is immoral and corrupt. He keeps visiting a whorehouse to sleep with the same prostitute his father sleeps with. He is involved in an incestuous love affair with his stepmother and fathers a son by her, thus disgracing himself and the entire family. Eben even takes after his father in some aspects of his personality. Both are lusty, deceitful, infidel, rash, stubborn, vengeful, and arrogant. Above all they are both the victims of seething animal passions. Their conflict over the possession of both the farm and the mother, the catalyst Abbie, and the incestuous relationship between the son and his stepmother all result in a great tragedy. The stock oedipal conflict between father and son over the possession of the mother runs throughout the course of Desire Under the Elms and takes different shapes, all of which culminate in the tragic destruction of the house and its dwellers. Hartman (1961) views the incestuous love affair that unites Abbie and Eben as a tragic involvement in the mother-image (361). Hartman argues that the oedipal desire for the mother is ruinous, Desire for, and identification with, the mother can cause evil to spread (367). The influence of Greek tragedy on the content of Desire Under the Elms is clearly manifest, however such influence is charged with a mystical view of the forces at work in and through human beings (Gelb 539). In their oedipal complex- based deconstructive analysis of the play script of Desire Under the Elms Murray and Bowman (1987) argue that although the plays locale is quite American, and is spiritually and emotionally tied to the puritan society, it is deeply rooted in structures found in Greek mythology (4). Murray and Bowman maintain that Ebens desire for his stepmother does not subvert his structuring superego and therefore he becomes a victim to his unconscious oedipal complex. the play is not based solely on the Greek Hippolytus myth linking Eben with Hippolytus , Abbie with Phaedra and Cabot with Theseus, but is based on this myth along with the Freudian Oedipus complex and the Nietzschean philosophy (5). Racey classifies Desire Under the Elms as a New England domestic tragedy since the Cabot family is disintegrated in a time and place when family was supposed to be the backbone of love, solidarity and labor (5). According to Racey, The Cabots tragedy is the result of a familial structure that could not sustain their sexual and materialistic desires (5). Despite the fact that Cabot did not commit any horrible sins like those committed by his son Eben and his wife Abbie, Racey argues that Cabot is the tragic hero in the play and its main character (95). Newlyn argues that the mutual physical attraction between the son and his stepmother reflects ONeills heavy reliance on the classical myths of Oedipus and Phaedra as a raw material for his domestic farm tragedy. Cabots tragic flaw that has ultimately lead to his downfall and that of all his family members is his excessive greed for property, hypocrisy, the delusion of his faith and his lust for women. Still he remains the plays only tragic figure. Cabots New England theodicy, as Presley states, gives him a towering tragic stature and an inward reality far greater than that of any other character in the play (27). Like an Aristotelian tragic figure Cabots downfall is the result of his hubris which not only causes his destruction, but also the ruin of the lives of his sons, new wife and even his former dead wives. Cabot, as Presley notes, is materially blessed but morally dissolute, blinded by a cage of greed (25). Ephraim Cabot represents what McVeigh (1990) calls the archetype of the senex amans or ridiculous old lover figure of Roman comedy (qtd. in Saur 106). Miller (1965) states that It is Ephraims self-delusions that drive his family each to their tragic ends ONeills prolix language and describes it as a vehicle for enveloping the extravagant plots and psychological formalism that owed much to Greek drama (22), and Cohn asserts that ONeill was the first American playwright whose dialogue gave his audience a feeling of observed life rather than books read as a result of committing the horrible crimes of incest and infanticide Eben and Abbie will live forever as sexual and social outcasts. They will never be respected in the community where they live, and they will always live under the curse of the crimes they committed, for evil means and deeds always result in evil ends. It is ironical that Abbie in killing the child was thinking that she, as Ditsky puts it, was sacrificing a future generation to ensure the present sensual enjoyment with her lover (qtd. in Hays 436). To prove her genuine love for Eben and to enjoy his crimson love, Abbie murdered the child. However, she did not know that in killing the child, she would be sent to jail, and would therefore no more enjoy her present love. It is also ironical on the part of Eben when he sacrifices his own youth which he would spend in prison for Abbie mistakenly believing that in sharing the guilt with her, he would join her in prison. He failed to realize that both would be sent to different prisons and might both be hanged. Their sacrifice is hopeless and their crimes are so tragic and beyond repentance. Greek tragedy by utilizing Freudian and Jungian psychology mixing them with some elements of Greek and American mythology. love and hatred, attraction and repulsion, desire and murder, incest and faith, and softness and hardness. The two elm trees resemble evil that is haunting the Cabots homestead, and they suggest the likelihood of the coming misfortune. Evil haunts the Cabots farmhouse and tempts its dwellers to commit dreadful sins. Cabot is a sinner and though he keeps praying for God to cruse his disobedient sons, he himself is an unbeliever. The Cabots feel the presence of an evil spirit in the house, but fail to understand the mysterious nature of such a spirit. They fail to unravel the mystery that drives them to their ominous ends. Cabot can feel the curse, but does not know what it is and why it is permeating the farmhouse. Even during the merry making scene, he can feel the presence of evil dominating the entire house. Desire is part of nature which is portrayed as an abiding absolute throughout the play (Carpenter 109).The play abounds with references to nature, and the characters express their admiration of nature on several occasions. The Cabots farmhouse is towered by two elm trees that reflect the image of Ebens dead mother and the entire protective feminine spirit that hovers over and redeems the Cabot farm from its hard masculine rocks (Going 386). In this context, desire, the mother and nature are seen as one entity reflecting the three constituent elements collectively. New England was far from being stereotyped as the new Eden for the puritans, but rather it was disapprovingly depicted as a land of hypocritical faith and greed for property.

How Miller Uses Reverend Hale in The Crucible Essay -- Arthur Miller T

How Miller Uses Reverend Hale in The Crucible Arthur Miller describes Reverend Hale as nearing forty, a tight-skinned, eager-eyed intellectual. An intellectual is usually thought of as someone with his head in the clouds, who spends so much time thinking great thoughts that he's inept in the real world of human emotions. There is some truth in this image of John Hale. He knows a lot about witchcraft; but he knows almost nothing about the people of Salem or the contention that is wracking the town. How pompous and arrogant he must sound when he says, â€Å"Have no fear now--we shall find [the Devil] out if he has come among us, and I mean to crush him utterly if he has shown his face!† And yet he has every reason to be confident. To Hale, demonology is an exact science, for he has spent his whole life in the study of it. â€Å"We cannot look to superstition in this. The Devil is precise.† But he is not just a bookworm, he is a minister of God. His goal is light, goodness and its preservation, and he is excited by being called upon to face what may be a bloody fight with the Fiend himself. All his years of preparation may now finally be put to the test. He fails, and the evil that follows his first appearance totally overwhelms him. Is the fault in his character? Is he not as smart as he thinks he is? Is he a fool, whose meddling lit the fuse to the bomb that blew up the town? Much of the play supports this answer. What looks like success at the end of Act I soon carries Hale out of his depth, and every time he appears after that he is less sure of himself. At the end of the play he has been completely crushed: he, a minister of the light, has come to do the Devil's work. â€Å"I come to counsel Christians they should be... ...ocence. In October 1692 someone accused his wife of witchcraft and where Hale had been rather forward in the prosecution of the supposed witches he now came to believe that spectral evidence was not enough to convict on. He then began to argue against the trials. The effects of Hale’s character and action helped progressed the play and spark off the witch trials. By his arrogance in the beginning of Act 1 where â€Å"he feels the pride of the specialists whose unique knowledge has at last been publicly called for. This also goes to show that Hale has one of the tragic hero’s flaws, which is arrogance. Hale does try to redeem himself by changing his view about witchcraft. Hale tried to save John Proctor’s life giving him advice and reasoning him, but to avail. Proctor was hung. Hale became the audience’s voice in the end saying the witch trials were wrong. How Miller Uses Reverend Hale in The Crucible Essay -- Arthur Miller T How Miller Uses Reverend Hale in The Crucible Arthur Miller describes Reverend Hale as nearing forty, a tight-skinned, eager-eyed intellectual. An intellectual is usually thought of as someone with his head in the clouds, who spends so much time thinking great thoughts that he's inept in the real world of human emotions. There is some truth in this image of John Hale. He knows a lot about witchcraft; but he knows almost nothing about the people of Salem or the contention that is wracking the town. How pompous and arrogant he must sound when he says, â€Å"Have no fear now--we shall find [the Devil] out if he has come among us, and I mean to crush him utterly if he has shown his face!† And yet he has every reason to be confident. To Hale, demonology is an exact science, for he has spent his whole life in the study of it. â€Å"We cannot look to superstition in this. The Devil is precise.† But he is not just a bookworm, he is a minister of God. His goal is light, goodness and its preservation, and he is excited by being called upon to face what may be a bloody fight with the Fiend himself. All his years of preparation may now finally be put to the test. He fails, and the evil that follows his first appearance totally overwhelms him. Is the fault in his character? Is he not as smart as he thinks he is? Is he a fool, whose meddling lit the fuse to the bomb that blew up the town? Much of the play supports this answer. What looks like success at the end of Act I soon carries Hale out of his depth, and every time he appears after that he is less sure of himself. At the end of the play he has been completely crushed: he, a minister of the light, has come to do the Devil's work. â€Å"I come to counsel Christians they should be... ...ocence. In October 1692 someone accused his wife of witchcraft and where Hale had been rather forward in the prosecution of the supposed witches he now came to believe that spectral evidence was not enough to convict on. He then began to argue against the trials. The effects of Hale’s character and action helped progressed the play and spark off the witch trials. By his arrogance in the beginning of Act 1 where â€Å"he feels the pride of the specialists whose unique knowledge has at last been publicly called for. This also goes to show that Hale has one of the tragic hero’s flaws, which is arrogance. Hale does try to redeem himself by changing his view about witchcraft. Hale tried to save John Proctor’s life giving him advice and reasoning him, but to avail. Proctor was hung. Hale became the audience’s voice in the end saying the witch trials were wrong.

Premature Specialization in Medicine

A medical doctor in today†s world is educated and trained in a traditional manner that seeks to insure the well being of his or her patients. Practicing medicine requires a strong science background and rigorous training; it is in the interest of clients and medical boards across the world to assure this. Thus, education in the science field is extremely important, even at the undergraduate level. Being a doctor is not just a job, nor is it solely a career. The medical profession is saturated with risk, for both the patient as well as the doctor. Doctors need early specialization in their education in order to acquire the skills necessary to handle delicate situations that occur on a daily basis. Malpractice must come to an end. The education that a doctor receives is a tool that he or she will use his or her whole life, (unlike a person who majored in something contrary to what their field of work is). A doctor†s experience is a vital instrument. Medical skill is a demand for certain practicing procedures and should be taken seriously. Knowing the legal system requires a doctor to have a good amount of experience can ease the concerns of family and loved ones, and also gives confidence to a doctor that he or she can do his or her work correctly. In order for doctors to get the best experience and education needed, training must take place early on in education. An abundance of science courses in college is a good start to prepare for medical school. Even though medical schools might cover the material that is offered in undergraduate biology and chemistry courses, repeat exposure to the material can only be beneficial to the student. The more experience that a student has in science and related subjects ultimately helps the future doctor in the long run. To ensure the level of maturity of a doctor, it is necessary to educate them on a broad level. According to Thomas, English, History, the literature of at least two foreign languages, and philosophy should come near the top of the list, just below Classics, as basic requirements, and applicants for medical school should be told that their grades in these courses will more than anything. (Thomas 115) Educating premed students in these courses is important, but science is the most significant part in an undergraduate program. It requires thought and practice as well as research, which are all fundamental keys to being a doctor. If a MD were certified with the least amount of experience allowed in the science field as possible, malpractice could be expected. On the other hand knowing two foreign languages is not vital to ones life. In fact, if a patient speaks another language translators can be brought in to fit certain needs. Doctors that focus on science and health are achieving what the profession requires. Understanding science to its full capacity ought to be the goal for premeds and medical students. To ensure the well fare of a patient, over achievement of science courses is necessary. Looking at the medical educational setup that is present in today†s Universities, premed students work hard at science and put forth the effort to make these classes their number one priority. According to Thomas, † If there are any courses in the humanities that can be taken without risk to class standing they will line up for these, but they will not get in to anything tough except for science.† (Thomas 114) Comprehending science can be hard and exhilarating, students should space out these courses while maintaining a level of understanding of other fields, but it is serious to make focus on science. Any student in the undergraduate level maintaining a good grade point average while taking 300, and 400 level science classes is bound for success. The risk factor for a doctor practicing medicine that has thoroughly been educated and has completed all necessary science classes, whether it be premature specialization or courses in medical school, will ultimately be a safe doctor and will create a more secure atmosphere in the field.

Burroughs Wellcome Company Essay

In 1982, the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDCP) labeled the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) and began to warn the public of the disease. In 1983 and 1984, the virus that causes AIDS was isolated and in 1988 it was named the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Burroughs Wellcome Company is a subsidiary of Wellcome PLC. Wellcome PLC is a pharmaceutical firm that employs 20,000 people in 18 countries. Wellcome PLC produces both ethical and over the counter medication. Zovirax, which treats herpes infections, accounted for $492 million in sales in 1989 (Kerin & Peterson, 2013). Retrovir, an AIDS treatment, was the second largest seller with $225 million in sales (Kerin & Peterson, 2013). Wellcome PLC also produces over-the-counter Actifed and Sudafed with $253 million in sales in 1989 (Kerin & Peterson, 2013). In 1981, there were 305 reported cases of AIDS, and by 1989 there were 35,198 reported cases of AIDS with numbers expected to continue to rise, although at a much slower rate (Kerin & Peterson, 2013). The majority of victims, almost 90%, were gay men or intravenous drug users, and almost one half of reported cases were in major metropolitan areas, such as San Francisco, Los Angeles, Houston, and New York. Not enough was known about the disease in the early 80’s to create a reliable way to predict its’ rate of growth. Economically, treating AIDS patients was proving to be very expensive, averaging between $70,000 and $141,000 per patient according to a 1987 study by the RAND Corporation (Kerin & Peterson, 2013). Treating some forms of cancer averaged less than half of that cost. Since the income level of many AIDS patients was low, Medicaid covered treatment costs for approximately 40% of the patients, resulting in an Burroughs Wellcome Company,   estimated annual cost to the Medicaid system of between $700 and $750 million in 1988 (Kerin & Peterson, 2013).  Several pharmaceutical companies, including Burroughs Wellcome, were in the  race to produce an effective drug to combat HIV and AIDS. Burroughs Wellcome began research in 1984, developed Retrovir and began clinical trials on humans in 1985 (Kerin & Peterson, 2013). The FDA cleared Burroughs to market Retrovir in 1987, as the first and only authorized treatment for AIDS. Bristol Myers developed a drug called DDI, which appeared to slow the progress of the AIDS virus and lessen the damage it causes (Kerin & Peterson, 2013). Hoffman-LaRoche developed a similar drug called DDC that began clinical trials in 1989 (Kerin & Peterson, 2013). As soon as Burroughs Wellcome was given the authority to market Retrovir in March of 1987, public protests began regarding the perceived high price of the drug. Wholesale price for Retrovir was set at $188 for one hundred 100-mg capsules. The recommended dosage was twelve 100-milligram capsules per day. The average annual treatment for an AIDS patients on Retrovir averaged approximately $8,528-$9,745 (Kerin & Peterson, 2013). The public, media, and advocacy groups compared the price of Retrovir to the cancer drug Interferon. The annual cost to a patient taking Interferon was only $5,000. In December of 1987, due to increased pressure, Burroughs Wellcome, reduced the price of Retrovir by 20%, and again by 20% in September of 1989 (Kerin & Peterson, 2013). The first price reduction was due to a cost savings in the production of synthetically manufactured thymidine while the second was due to an increase in potential patients. By 1989 sales had increased from $24.8 million in 1987 to $2 25.1 million (Kerin & Peterson, 2013). As postulated by industry analysts, the direct cost of research and development (R&D) for Retrovir was estimated at $50 million. Burroughs Wellcome spent an additional $30-50 million in indirect costs to establish a new plant and equipment to produce Retrovir (Kerin & Peterson, 2013). They also donated $10 million worth of Retrovir to 4,500 AIDS patients. Pharmaceutical R&D of a new drug in the US averages around $125 million, so with direct and indirect cost to develop Retrovir was on the low side. Prior to Retrovir, Burroughs Wellcome had spent a reported $726 million for R&D in  the previous five years without producing a single commercial winner (Kerin & Peterson, 2013). Retrovir was designated as an â€Å"orphan drug† in 1985 under the Orphan Drug Act of 1983. This enabled Burroughs Wellcome to gain marketing exclusivity for a sevenyear period after its initial introduction. When Burroughs Wellcome was faced with the task of pricing Retrovir they had to account for many factors. They had to consider the demand for Retrovir. Since they were developing a drug for a fairly new disease, with relatively few patients, they had no way to predict what the demand would be in the next five years. They had to recoup their cost with the known numbers of AIDS in 1987, which were still fairly low. Burroughs Wellcome had to take into account both the direct and indirect cost spent on the R&D of Retrovir that totaled approximately $100 million. With an unknown market and $100 million to recoup they had to price Retrovir fairly high at the beginning. Looming competition was another important aspect for Burroughs Wellcome. They knew other pharmaceutical compan ies were researching drugs to treat AIDS and analysts believed there would be one or more of these drugs on the market by 1991 (Kerin & Peterson, 2013). Burroughs Wellcome still had an ethical obligation to maintain fair pricing while trying to recoup their cost, as well as having an existing obligation to its employees, shareholders, and stakeholders. Most importantly however, is their responsibility to patients that rely on Burroughs Wellcome’s products for their health and well-being With an increasing number of AIDS cases, Burroughs Wellcome had a social and financial responsibility to make the drug Retrovir accessible to those who needed it, while remaining financially viable. It would be socially irresponsible to exploit people with an illness for mass profit gains. Like most other industries, the health care industry is competitive and no business is immune to failure. Because of this, Burroughs Wellcome must remain profitable in order to protect its employees and shareholders as well as to ensure that the company  can continue its research while providing the medical community with effective medicine. As previously mentioned, Burroughs had dropped the price of Retrovir twice: first on December 15, 1987 when a price drop of 20% was justified by synthetically produced thymidine and a second 20% cut due to a further expansion of HIV from 600,000 to one million estimated potential patients, at which point Burroughs’ gross profit margin (70.6%) and return on sales (20%) were comparable to other competitors in the industry (Kerin & Peterson, 2013). When pressured by outside entities about further reducing the price, Sir Alfred Shepard of the Board of Directors said, † There is no plan for another price cut† (Kerin & Peterson, 2013). As a result of this balance between sustainability, profitability, and social responsibility, it was important that Burroughs Wellcome maintained its margins and success, but continued to remain sensitive to price concerns. Furthermore, it would benefit both Burroughs and patients in need of the drug, if  insurance companies provided ade quate coverage on the drug Retrovir, as private insurance companies only covered $250 million annually compared to the $750 million covered by Medicaid (Kerin & Peterson, 2013). In January of 1990, congressional lobbyists began campaigning to reduce excessive profits in the drug industry. This set off a new round of pressure from the U.S. Congress, the media, and AIDS advocacy groups to again reduce the price of Retrovir. In 1987 sales of Retrovir were $24.8 million and net profit before tax was $8 million. Considering the $100 million dollar investment for the development, as well as new plant and equipment, the Return on Investment (ROI) was only 8%; meaning they only recovered about 8% of their initial investment for Retrovir. By fiscal year 1988 the ROI for Retrovir had increased to 52% but the initial investment had still not been recovered. In the five years prior to the sale of Retrovir, Burroughs Wellcome as a whole spent $726 million in R&D with no significant new drug.  The ROI for Retrovir was still less than the company as a whole when considering the investment in R&D. See figure 1 Figure 1 According to Industry analysts it was estimated that the cost of Retrovir was between 30 and 50 cents per capsule (Kerin & Peterson, 2013). Using 40 cents for estimates, it can be determined that in 1987 when the drug first became available for sale the return on sales (ROS) was 28%. Realistically, the cost was probably more towards  the 50 cent per capsule higher end, as producing the AZT required a biological chemical harvested from herring sperm and took months and over 20 chemical reactions to produce (Kerin & Peterson, 2013). Using the high-end estimate the ROS in 1989 was only 23.3%. This is very close to the 23.5% ROS industry average. By 1989 the price of Retrovir had been reduced by 20% twice. Burroughs Wellcome stated the first price reduction in December of 1987 was due to a synthetically manufactured Thymidine becoming available. At this time, ROS was 23.0% using the 40 cent COGS estimate. Due to public pressure for an affordable AIDS treatment Burroughs Wellcome reduced its price again by 20% in September of 1989. At the 40 cent estimated cost this reduced the ROS to16.4%. Even using the low 30 cent estimate the ROA was only 24% which was is still very comparable to the 23.5% industry average. Burroughs Wellcome overall company ROS in 1989, while they were selling Retrovir at the $1.20 price per 100mg, was only 20%, which is over 3% lower than the industry average. Continued pressure to reduce the price again is not warranted. The figures show that to reduce the price another 20% would show at best a low 18% ROS and a possible negative ROS. Comparing Burroughs Wellcome to 1989 industry average shows all their current  ratios are well within what is normal for the industry. They are not the highest or the lowest of Return on Sales, Return on Assets, or Return on Equity. Burroughs Wellcome has two choices at this point. Do not reduce the price or reduce the price. The advantage of not reducing the price is the ability to maintain their current ratios that will allow them to continue their R&D for new drugs. The disadvantage of not reducing price is dealing with the public, media, Congress, and advocacy groups that may continue to increase pressure on Burroughs Wellcome and create further negative publicity. The advantages of reducing the price would be the reduced pressure from the groups mentioned before and the claim of being ethically responsible. The disadvantage of reducing the price would be losing the current ratios. They take the chance to lose profit margin therefore lose some ability to develop new drugs. Although there is public unrest in regards to the price of Retrovir we do not recommend Burroughs Wellcome reduce the price further. Reducing the price of Retrovir without another new drug would further reduce their current ratios, which are all within industry averages. Drug companies need profits as incentive to continue their  research. Especially when there is the very real possibility of going several years without the discovery and approval of a new drug. Although, on the surface, it seems very unfair for a patient to have to spend close to $10,000 per year for treatment, it would be far worse if they didn’t have the treatment as an option at all. Drug companies such as Burroughs Wellcome would avoid trying to develop â€Å"orphan drugs† if they had no chance of recovering cost. This is why government offers subsidies, tax benefits, and grants extending patents for drugs that qualify. In 1989 there were only 35,189 reported cases of AIDS in America and due to prevention awareness and HIV treatments, AID’s numbers were leveling off. Drug companies are taking a  huge risk investing millions of dollars in cures and treatments for rare diseases. In part, the cost for â€Å"orphan drugs† is so high because so few people are consumers of them. While it would be socially conscious for Burroughs Wellcome to drop the price further, they have to remain a viable company. Profits will ensure the financial future of the company as well as all the shareholders and stakeholders of the company. Maintaining the ROI percentages will allow Burroughs to remain viable and competitive allowing them to continue to develop new drugs that may provide further benefit. If they were to drop their prices it would be benefit public relations as they put the needs of the consumers before profits, however in such a competitive environment this could prove to be to a liability in the pharmaceutical industry, therefore, it is advisable that they do not drop their price by another 20%. References Kerin, R.A & Peterson, R.A. (2003) Strategic Marketing Problems: Cases and Comments England: Pearson Education Limited