Article Abstract 8 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Article Abstract 8 - Essay Example The empirical analysis is carried out on a racial basis. The conclusion of the research is that race has no significance whatsoever where the price of a rookie baseball card is concerned. This conclusion was reached after lack of evidence of customer discrimination on racial basis for the blacks or Hispanics research subjects (Gabriel, Curtis and Timothy 228). The estimation of the results of the research analysis has been well broken down and articulated well. This is especially so after the results being differentiated for the hitter and pitchers and the composite indexes of the prices well indicated. The estimated results also differentiate between the card price of Hispanics and that of the blacks in the descriptive statistics. The researchers did not clearly explain the sample size, population or even the sampling technique used in this particular research. The other thing that should have been present but lacked in this research is more literature review. The researchers only dwelt on literature by one group of researchers and hence making the research not

Financial and Investment Opportunity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Financial and Investment Opportunity - Essay Example When assessing investment suitability, most advisers and investment managers take into consideration customer’s attitude to risk, but they fail to account appropriately for their capacity for loss. Therefore, this calls for financial consultants to assess the clients’ attitude towards risks during the evaluation of investments process using the most suitable tools. Discussion While assessing the individual’s attitude towards risks, the use of gender, age, parental background and even height is used to measure the willingness to take risks in general (Newell, Chan & Goodridge 2011, p 210-19). To better understand the attitude to risk by investors, data from previous research as well as field experiment, are used to assess these attitudes. The previous review is done in order to know the gaps to be filled while determining the attitudes towards risks. A random sample of clients that come to the bank as well as online banking clients are requested to fill in questionnaires. In this quest, to fill gaps, there are things that need to be taken in to consideration as the process of assessment is taking place. According to Mowbray (2011), gaps are bridged by focusing on some key themes such as the risk that a client is willing and able to tolerate, the client’s capacity for loss and identifying clients who are neither willing nor able to accept the risk of loss. Apart from that, the client’s requirements must be considered, and this involves collecting of information that includes the client’s investment knowledge, risk tolerance, investment horizon and the capacity to make regular contributions and meet extra collateral requirements where appropriate. Thereafter, every client’s information should be documented and appropriately updated on a continuous basis. In case a client does not give full information, it does not mean that the advisor cannot assess the client’s attitude towards risk. If the same advisor is not able to make the assessment, an explanation has to be made to the client on the limitation of assessment due to lack of information or the assumptions made in relation to advice given. After having the information of various clients, a hierarchy is developed to clarify their needs and the firm’s products. The upper levels of the hierarchy are solved to give a weighting scheme that determines the relative importance of each factor while determining the applicable portfolio. The lowest level of the hierarchy evaluates assets to give a portfolio applicable for a single investor’s problem (Bolster, Janjigia & Trahan, 1995). The most suitable portfolio is chosen by combining the local weights deri ved for every asset and weights given by the higher levels of the hierarchy (Saaty, 1980). The figure 1 below explains the hierarchy of needs and its possible matching products. Investment opportunities There are different types of investments and each work differently. The most common list of investments usually includes ISA, shares, unit trusts, property and shares and much more. This section describes the opportunities as well as giving advice to the clients while choosing investment that best suits their finances and other needs. The firm, as an investment bank, seeks to assist clients in raising capital by acting as the client’s agent in the securities issuance. The firm, also, can manage mergers and acquisitions for companies as well as provide subsidiary services, for example, derivatives trading, instruments of fixed income, foreign exchange, commodities equity securities and market making. Figure 1: Analytical Hierarchy

Influences Of Greek And Roman Theatre

Influences Of Greek And Roman Theatre Desire Under the Elms published in1924 is one of Eugene ONeills American classic plays. This play is written in three parts with each part divided into four scenes. It is based of Greek mythology and Roman tragedy. The setting is farmhouse in New England in 1850s with characters Ephraim Cabot 76 year old father, Simeon and Peter sons of the first wife, Eben son of the second wife, Abbie Putnam 35 year old third wife, young girl, two farmers, the fiddler, a sheriff, and other folk from the neighboring farms. This play portrays many elements of day to day life ambiences passion, betrayal, love, lust, hate, infanticide, tragedy, haunting past, persuasion, and sacrifice for love. Hamlet is a revenge tragedy written in the line of Roman Seneca tragedy. Passion; eroticism; pomposity; persuasiveness; incest; betrayal: partners in sin who go on a redemption, tragic and strong love, forbidden desire, rebellion against a father figure, complex love and hate, sacrifice of a child, the haunting past, determinism of the characters and their inner struggle. The elm serves as a catalyst to sensing, feeling and even seeing that which is not always visible. Elm tree meaning includes strength of will and intuition. During the 18th and 19th centuries, elms were popular as ornamentals by virtue of their rapid growth and variety of foliage and forms. This popularity lasted until World War I when the consequences of hostilities, notably in Germany, and the outbreak of Dutch elm disease saw the elm slide into horticultural decline. Elm wood is valued for its interlocking grain, and consequent resistance to splitting, with significant uses in wheels, chairs and coffins. The wood is also resistant to decay when permanently wet, and hollowed trunks were widely used as water pipes during the medieval period in Europe. Elm trees grow inhardiness zones 2 through 6. Buy an Elm New Horizon tree from Nature Hills Nursery. Elm is thought to be the tree of old Family and family tradition. Elm is often associated with Mother and Earth Goddesses, but it wou ld be completely wrong to say that it represents a female spirit. The main aspect of Elm symbolism is strength; and in that quality it leaves behind even the most powerful trees, such as Oak, Alder or Yew. Elm strength is dark and heavy; it feeds on primary instincts rather than conscious decision. This tree is quite inert and rigid, and its power is not rash; but when Elm gets ready, its strike will completely smash an enemy. Despite such prominent warrior qualities, Elm is not always good in battle. The matter is that this tree has much too passion for classic war activity and in its anger may become totally unmanageable. It personifies a mad berserker, blinded by his rage of blood, who kills everyone on his way, even if it makes no sense. Due to this blindness Elm, though strong and active, is usually not a leader, but a follower (and a very devoted follower!). As appears from the above, Elm is not an easy tree. Nevertheless, it should not be seen as completely evil, and no other tree should either. Some of Elm spiritual qualities are very valuable. For example, rare tree can do better than Elm in defending interests of family or close group. It stands to the last, and will continues to fight even in hopeless situation. Elm loyalty is unquestionable; and it will despise everyone, who shows a sight of weakness or hesitation. Elm is good for any magic workings, which are involving strength; and it also has the ability to add stability and grounding to a spell. Elm does well in dark practices, especially in spells that can bring irreversible material damage. It is known to dull the senses and cause depression or darkness, and is often used in dealing with shadows. Keywords: strength, stability, grounding, foundation, rigid structure, darkness, pressure, blind rage, devotion, loyalty to family, dark passion, fighting to the last. In The monumental tragic consequences of the incest passion that flares between a coquettish, seductive woman and her stepson, and the romantic rhetoric both use while entrapped in their sexual ecstasy. The two infatuated lovers before, while and after they commit the sin of incest, and attempts to measure their romantic rhetoric against such incestuous lust. The two lovers incest takes place in an ominous house teeming with family tensions, intense lust, hatred, and betrayal. In Desire Under the Elms (1924), a domestic peasant tragedy set in New England, Eugene ONeill portrays the grave consequences of the tragic incestuous passion that flares between a coquettish, seductive, young woman and her stepson. Abbie Putnam, a newly widowed young woman and is now old Cabots third wife, is a wicked, lusty, and extremely beautiful woman. ONeill portrays her as a woman who has a captivating and sexy figure full of lust, Abbie is thirty-five, buxom, full of vitality with a sensual face revealing her intense lust, Her round face is pretty, but marred by its rather gross sensuality (Desire Under the Elms 335). Hartman remarks that Abbie embodies the eternal earth spirit in whom all streams of desire converge (361). Abbie is a vivacious woman who lives only on lifes physical level, and once she tries to live on the spiritual level, she destroys others and destroys herself as well. In marrying an old man, the age of her father and maybe against her will, she was plannin g to seize the farmhouse and disinherit her stepsons. It is quite ironical that both Cabot and Eben patronize the same local prostitute. Though Eben hates his father for his immorality and sensuality, he himself is immoral and corrupt. He keeps visiting a whorehouse to sleep with the same prostitute his father sleeps with. He is involved in an incestuous love affair with his stepmother and fathers a son by her, thus disgracing himself and the entire family. Eben even takes after his father in some aspects of his personality. Both are lusty, deceitful, infidel, rash, stubborn, vengeful, and arrogant. Above all they are both the victims of seething animal passions. Their conflict over the possession of both the farm and the mother, the catalyst Abbie, and the incestuous relationship between the son and his stepmother all result in a great tragedy. The stock oedipal conflict between father and son over the possession of the mother runs throughout the course of Desire Under the Elms and takes different shapes, all of which culminate in the tragic destruction of the house and its dwellers. Hartman (1961) views the incestuous love affair that unites Abbie and Eben as a tragic involvement in the mother-image (361). Hartman argues that the oedipal desire for the mother is ruinous, Desire for, and identification with, the mother can cause evil to spread (367). The influence of Greek tragedy on the content of Desire Under the Elms is clearly manifest, however such influence is charged with a mystical view of the forces at work in and through human beings (Gelb 539). In their oedipal complex- based deconstructive analysis of the play script of Desire Under the Elms Murray and Bowman (1987) argue that although the plays locale is quite American, and is spiritually and emotionally tied to the puritan society, it is deeply rooted in structures found in Greek mythology (4). Murray and Bowman maintain that Ebens desire for his stepmother does not subvert his structuring superego and therefore he becomes a victim to his unconscious oedipal complex. the play is not based solely on the Greek Hippolytus myth linking Eben with Hippolytus , Abbie with Phaedra and Cabot with Theseus, but is based on this myth along with the Freudian Oedipus complex and the Nietzschean philosophy (5). Racey classifies Desire Under the Elms as a New England domestic tragedy since the Cabot family is disintegrated in a time and place when family was supposed to be the backbone of love, solidarity and labor (5). According to Racey, The Cabots tragedy is the result of a familial structure that could not sustain their sexual and materialistic desires (5). Despite the fact that Cabot did not commit any horrible sins like those committed by his son Eben and his wife Abbie, Racey argues that Cabot is the tragic hero in the play and its main character (95). Newlyn argues that the mutual physical attraction between the son and his stepmother reflects ONeills heavy reliance on the classical myths of Oedipus and Phaedra as a raw material for his domestic farm tragedy. Cabots tragic flaw that has ultimately lead to his downfall and that of all his family members is his excessive greed for property, hypocrisy, the delusion of his faith and his lust for women. Still he remains the plays only tragic figure. Cabots New England theodicy, as Presley states, gives him a towering tragic stature and an inward reality far greater than that of any other character in the play (27). Like an Aristotelian tragic figure Cabots downfall is the result of his hubris which not only causes his destruction, but also the ruin of the lives of his sons, new wife and even his former dead wives. Cabot, as Presley notes, is materially blessed but morally dissolute, blinded by a cage of greed (25). Ephraim Cabot represents what McVeigh (1990) calls the archetype of the senex amans or ridiculous old lover figure of Roman comedy (qtd. in Saur 106). Miller (1965) states that It is Ephraims self-delusions that drive his family each to their tragic ends ONeills prolix language and describes it as a vehicle for enveloping the extravagant plots and psychological formalism that owed much to Greek drama (22), and Cohn asserts that ONeill was the first American playwright whose dialogue gave his audience a feeling of observed life rather than books read as a result of committing the horrible crimes of incest and infanticide Eben and Abbie will live forever as sexual and social outcasts. They will never be respected in the community where they live, and they will always live under the curse of the crimes they committed, for evil means and deeds always result in evil ends. It is ironical that Abbie in killing the child was thinking that she, as Ditsky puts it, was sacrificing a future generation to ensure the present sensual enjoyment with her lover (qtd. in Hays 436). To prove her genuine love for Eben and to enjoy his crimson love, Abbie murdered the child. However, she did not know that in killing the child, she would be sent to jail, and would therefore no more enjoy her present love. It is also ironical on the part of Eben when he sacrifices his own youth which he would spend in prison for Abbie mistakenly believing that in sharing the guilt with her, he would join her in prison. He failed to realize that both would be sent to different prisons and might both be hanged. Their sacrifice is hopeless and their crimes are so tragic and beyond repentance. Greek tragedy by utilizing Freudian and Jungian psychology mixing them with some elements of Greek and American mythology. love and hatred, attraction and repulsion, desire and murder, incest and faith, and softness and hardness. The two elm trees resemble evil that is haunting the Cabots homestead, and they suggest the likelihood of the coming misfortune. Evil haunts the Cabots farmhouse and tempts its dwellers to commit dreadful sins. Cabot is a sinner and though he keeps praying for God to cruse his disobedient sons, he himself is an unbeliever. The Cabots feel the presence of an evil spirit in the house, but fail to understand the mysterious nature of such a spirit. They fail to unravel the mystery that drives them to their ominous ends. Cabot can feel the curse, but does not know what it is and why it is permeating the farmhouse. Even during the merry making scene, he can feel the presence of evil dominating the entire house. Desire is part of nature which is portrayed as an abiding absolute throughout the play (Carpenter 109).The play abounds with references to nature, and the characters express their admiration of nature on several occasions. The Cabots farmhouse is towered by two elm trees that reflect the image of Ebens dead mother and the entire protective feminine spirit that hovers over and redeems the Cabot farm from its hard masculine rocks (Going 386). In this context, desire, the mother and nature are seen as one entity reflecting the three constituent elements collectively. New England was far from being stereotyped as the new Eden for the puritans, but rather it was disapprovingly depicted as a land of hypocritical faith and greed for property.

How Miller Uses Reverend Hale in The Crucible Essay -- Arthur Miller T

How Miller Uses Reverend Hale in The Crucible Arthur Miller describes Reverend Hale as nearing forty, a tight-skinned, eager-eyed intellectual. An intellectual is usually thought of as someone with his head in the clouds, who spends so much time thinking great thoughts that he's inept in the real world of human emotions. There is some truth in this image of John Hale. He knows a lot about witchcraft; but he knows almost nothing about the people of Salem or the contention that is wracking the town. How pompous and arrogant he must sound when he says, â€Å"Have no fear now--we shall find [the Devil] out if he has come among us, and I mean to crush him utterly if he has shown his face!† And yet he has every reason to be confident. To Hale, demonology is an exact science, for he has spent his whole life in the study of it. â€Å"We cannot look to superstition in this. The Devil is precise.† But he is not just a bookworm, he is a minister of God. His goal is light, goodness and its preservation, and he is excited by being called upon to face what may be a bloody fight with the Fiend himself. All his years of preparation may now finally be put to the test. He fails, and the evil that follows his first appearance totally overwhelms him. Is the fault in his character? Is he not as smart as he thinks he is? Is he a fool, whose meddling lit the fuse to the bomb that blew up the town? Much of the play supports this answer. What looks like success at the end of Act I soon carries Hale out of his depth, and every time he appears after that he is less sure of himself. At the end of the play he has been completely crushed: he, a minister of the light, has come to do the Devil's work. â€Å"I come to counsel Christians they should be... ...ocence. In October 1692 someone accused his wife of witchcraft and where Hale had been rather forward in the prosecution of the supposed witches he now came to believe that spectral evidence was not enough to convict on. He then began to argue against the trials. The effects of Hale’s character and action helped progressed the play and spark off the witch trials. By his arrogance in the beginning of Act 1 where â€Å"he feels the pride of the specialists whose unique knowledge has at last been publicly called for. This also goes to show that Hale has one of the tragic hero’s flaws, which is arrogance. Hale does try to redeem himself by changing his view about witchcraft. Hale tried to save John Proctor’s life giving him advice and reasoning him, but to avail. Proctor was hung. Hale became the audience’s voice in the end saying the witch trials were wrong. How Miller Uses Reverend Hale in The Crucible Essay -- Arthur Miller T How Miller Uses Reverend Hale in The Crucible Arthur Miller describes Reverend Hale as nearing forty, a tight-skinned, eager-eyed intellectual. An intellectual is usually thought of as someone with his head in the clouds, who spends so much time thinking great thoughts that he's inept in the real world of human emotions. There is some truth in this image of John Hale. He knows a lot about witchcraft; but he knows almost nothing about the people of Salem or the contention that is wracking the town. How pompous and arrogant he must sound when he says, â€Å"Have no fear now--we shall find [the Devil] out if he has come among us, and I mean to crush him utterly if he has shown his face!† And yet he has every reason to be confident. To Hale, demonology is an exact science, for he has spent his whole life in the study of it. â€Å"We cannot look to superstition in this. The Devil is precise.† But he is not just a bookworm, he is a minister of God. His goal is light, goodness and its preservation, and he is excited by being called upon to face what may be a bloody fight with the Fiend himself. All his years of preparation may now finally be put to the test. He fails, and the evil that follows his first appearance totally overwhelms him. Is the fault in his character? Is he not as smart as he thinks he is? Is he a fool, whose meddling lit the fuse to the bomb that blew up the town? Much of the play supports this answer. What looks like success at the end of Act I soon carries Hale out of his depth, and every time he appears after that he is less sure of himself. At the end of the play he has been completely crushed: he, a minister of the light, has come to do the Devil's work. â€Å"I come to counsel Christians they should be... ...ocence. In October 1692 someone accused his wife of witchcraft and where Hale had been rather forward in the prosecution of the supposed witches he now came to believe that spectral evidence was not enough to convict on. He then began to argue against the trials. The effects of Hale’s character and action helped progressed the play and spark off the witch trials. By his arrogance in the beginning of Act 1 where â€Å"he feels the pride of the specialists whose unique knowledge has at last been publicly called for. This also goes to show that Hale has one of the tragic hero’s flaws, which is arrogance. Hale does try to redeem himself by changing his view about witchcraft. Hale tried to save John Proctor’s life giving him advice and reasoning him, but to avail. Proctor was hung. Hale became the audience’s voice in the end saying the witch trials were wrong.

Premature Specialization in Medicine

A medical doctor in today†s world is educated and trained in a traditional manner that seeks to insure the well being of his or her patients. Practicing medicine requires a strong science background and rigorous training; it is in the interest of clients and medical boards across the world to assure this. Thus, education in the science field is extremely important, even at the undergraduate level. Being a doctor is not just a job, nor is it solely a career. The medical profession is saturated with risk, for both the patient as well as the doctor. Doctors need early specialization in their education in order to acquire the skills necessary to handle delicate situations that occur on a daily basis. Malpractice must come to an end. The education that a doctor receives is a tool that he or she will use his or her whole life, (unlike a person who majored in something contrary to what their field of work is). A doctor†s experience is a vital instrument. Medical skill is a demand for certain practicing procedures and should be taken seriously. Knowing the legal system requires a doctor to have a good amount of experience can ease the concerns of family and loved ones, and also gives confidence to a doctor that he or she can do his or her work correctly. In order for doctors to get the best experience and education needed, training must take place early on in education. An abundance of science courses in college is a good start to prepare for medical school. Even though medical schools might cover the material that is offered in undergraduate biology and chemistry courses, repeat exposure to the material can only be beneficial to the student. The more experience that a student has in science and related subjects ultimately helps the future doctor in the long run. To ensure the level of maturity of a doctor, it is necessary to educate them on a broad level. According to Thomas, English, History, the literature of at least two foreign languages, and philosophy should come near the top of the list, just below Classics, as basic requirements, and applicants for medical school should be told that their grades in these courses will more than anything. (Thomas 115) Educating premed students in these courses is important, but science is the most significant part in an undergraduate program. It requires thought and practice as well as research, which are all fundamental keys to being a doctor. If a MD were certified with the least amount of experience allowed in the science field as possible, malpractice could be expected. On the other hand knowing two foreign languages is not vital to ones life. In fact, if a patient speaks another language translators can be brought in to fit certain needs. Doctors that focus on science and health are achieving what the profession requires. Understanding science to its full capacity ought to be the goal for premeds and medical students. To ensure the well fare of a patient, over achievement of science courses is necessary. Looking at the medical educational setup that is present in today†s Universities, premed students work hard at science and put forth the effort to make these classes their number one priority. According to Thomas, † If there are any courses in the humanities that can be taken without risk to class standing they will line up for these, but they will not get in to anything tough except for science.† (Thomas 114) Comprehending science can be hard and exhilarating, students should space out these courses while maintaining a level of understanding of other fields, but it is serious to make focus on science. Any student in the undergraduate level maintaining a good grade point average while taking 300, and 400 level science classes is bound for success. The risk factor for a doctor practicing medicine that has thoroughly been educated and has completed all necessary science classes, whether it be premature specialization or courses in medical school, will ultimately be a safe doctor and will create a more secure atmosphere in the field.

Burroughs Wellcome Company Essay

In 1982, the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDCP) labeled the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) and began to warn the public of the disease. In 1983 and 1984, the virus that causes AIDS was isolated and in 1988 it was named the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Burroughs Wellcome Company is a subsidiary of Wellcome PLC. Wellcome PLC is a pharmaceutical firm that employs 20,000 people in 18 countries. Wellcome PLC produces both ethical and over the counter medication. Zovirax, which treats herpes infections, accounted for $492 million in sales in 1989 (Kerin & Peterson, 2013). Retrovir, an AIDS treatment, was the second largest seller with $225 million in sales (Kerin & Peterson, 2013). Wellcome PLC also produces over-the-counter Actifed and Sudafed with $253 million in sales in 1989 (Kerin & Peterson, 2013). In 1981, there were 305 reported cases of AIDS, and by 1989 there were 35,198 reported cases of AIDS with numbers expected to continue to rise, although at a much slower rate (Kerin & Peterson, 2013). The majority of victims, almost 90%, were gay men or intravenous drug users, and almost one half of reported cases were in major metropolitan areas, such as San Francisco, Los Angeles, Houston, and New York. Not enough was known about the disease in the early 80’s to create a reliable way to predict its’ rate of growth. Economically, treating AIDS patients was proving to be very expensive, averaging between $70,000 and $141,000 per patient according to a 1987 study by the RAND Corporation (Kerin & Peterson, 2013). Treating some forms of cancer averaged less than half of that cost. Since the income level of many AIDS patients was low, Medicaid covered treatment costs for approximately 40% of the patients, resulting in an Burroughs Wellcome Company,   estimated annual cost to the Medicaid system of between $700 and $750 million in 1988 (Kerin & Peterson, 2013).  Several pharmaceutical companies, including Burroughs Wellcome, were in the  race to produce an effective drug to combat HIV and AIDS. Burroughs Wellcome began research in 1984, developed Retrovir and began clinical trials on humans in 1985 (Kerin & Peterson, 2013). The FDA cleared Burroughs to market Retrovir in 1987, as the first and only authorized treatment for AIDS. Bristol Myers developed a drug called DDI, which appeared to slow the progress of the AIDS virus and lessen the damage it causes (Kerin & Peterson, 2013). Hoffman-LaRoche developed a similar drug called DDC that began clinical trials in 1989 (Kerin & Peterson, 2013). As soon as Burroughs Wellcome was given the authority to market Retrovir in March of 1987, public protests began regarding the perceived high price of the drug. Wholesale price for Retrovir was set at $188 for one hundred 100-mg capsules. The recommended dosage was twelve 100-milligram capsules per day. The average annual treatment for an AIDS patients on Retrovir averaged approximately $8,528-$9,745 (Kerin & Peterson, 2013). The public, media, and advocacy groups compared the price of Retrovir to the cancer drug Interferon. The annual cost to a patient taking Interferon was only $5,000. In December of 1987, due to increased pressure, Burroughs Wellcome, reduced the price of Retrovir by 20%, and again by 20% in September of 1989 (Kerin & Peterson, 2013). The first price reduction was due to a cost savings in the production of synthetically manufactured thymidine while the second was due to an increase in potential patients. By 1989 sales had increased from $24.8 million in 1987 to $2 25.1 million (Kerin & Peterson, 2013). As postulated by industry analysts, the direct cost of research and development (R&D) for Retrovir was estimated at $50 million. Burroughs Wellcome spent an additional $30-50 million in indirect costs to establish a new plant and equipment to produce Retrovir (Kerin & Peterson, 2013). They also donated $10 million worth of Retrovir to 4,500 AIDS patients. Pharmaceutical R&D of a new drug in the US averages around $125 million, so with direct and indirect cost to develop Retrovir was on the low side. Prior to Retrovir, Burroughs Wellcome had spent a reported $726 million for R&D in  the previous five years without producing a single commercial winner (Kerin & Peterson, 2013). Retrovir was designated as an â€Å"orphan drug† in 1985 under the Orphan Drug Act of 1983. This enabled Burroughs Wellcome to gain marketing exclusivity for a sevenyear period after its initial introduction. When Burroughs Wellcome was faced with the task of pricing Retrovir they had to account for many factors. They had to consider the demand for Retrovir. Since they were developing a drug for a fairly new disease, with relatively few patients, they had no way to predict what the demand would be in the next five years. They had to recoup their cost with the known numbers of AIDS in 1987, which were still fairly low. Burroughs Wellcome had to take into account both the direct and indirect cost spent on the R&D of Retrovir that totaled approximately $100 million. With an unknown market and $100 million to recoup they had to price Retrovir fairly high at the beginning. Looming competition was another important aspect for Burroughs Wellcome. They knew other pharmaceutical compan ies were researching drugs to treat AIDS and analysts believed there would be one or more of these drugs on the market by 1991 (Kerin & Peterson, 2013). Burroughs Wellcome still had an ethical obligation to maintain fair pricing while trying to recoup their cost, as well as having an existing obligation to its employees, shareholders, and stakeholders. Most importantly however, is their responsibility to patients that rely on Burroughs Wellcome’s products for their health and well-being With an increasing number of AIDS cases, Burroughs Wellcome had a social and financial responsibility to make the drug Retrovir accessible to those who needed it, while remaining financially viable. It would be socially irresponsible to exploit people with an illness for mass profit gains. Like most other industries, the health care industry is competitive and no business is immune to failure. Because of this, Burroughs Wellcome must remain profitable in order to protect its employees and shareholders as well as to ensure that the company  can continue its research while providing the medical community with effective medicine. As previously mentioned, Burroughs had dropped the price of Retrovir twice: first on December 15, 1987 when a price drop of 20% was justified by synthetically produced thymidine and a second 20% cut due to a further expansion of HIV from 600,000 to one million estimated potential patients, at which point Burroughs’ gross profit margin (70.6%) and return on sales (20%) were comparable to other competitors in the industry (Kerin & Peterson, 2013). When pressured by outside entities about further reducing the price, Sir Alfred Shepard of the Board of Directors said, † There is no plan for another price cut† (Kerin & Peterson, 2013). As a result of this balance between sustainability, profitability, and social responsibility, it was important that Burroughs Wellcome maintained its margins and success, but continued to remain sensitive to price concerns. Furthermore, it would benefit both Burroughs and patients in need of the drug, if  insurance companies provided ade quate coverage on the drug Retrovir, as private insurance companies only covered $250 million annually compared to the $750 million covered by Medicaid (Kerin & Peterson, 2013). In January of 1990, congressional lobbyists began campaigning to reduce excessive profits in the drug industry. This set off a new round of pressure from the U.S. Congress, the media, and AIDS advocacy groups to again reduce the price of Retrovir. In 1987 sales of Retrovir were $24.8 million and net profit before tax was $8 million. Considering the $100 million dollar investment for the development, as well as new plant and equipment, the Return on Investment (ROI) was only 8%; meaning they only recovered about 8% of their initial investment for Retrovir. By fiscal year 1988 the ROI for Retrovir had increased to 52% but the initial investment had still not been recovered. In the five years prior to the sale of Retrovir, Burroughs Wellcome as a whole spent $726 million in R&D with no significant new drug.  The ROI for Retrovir was still less than the company as a whole when considering the investment in R&D. See figure 1 Figure 1 According to Industry analysts it was estimated that the cost of Retrovir was between 30 and 50 cents per capsule (Kerin & Peterson, 2013). Using 40 cents for estimates, it can be determined that in 1987 when the drug first became available for sale the return on sales (ROS) was 28%. Realistically, the cost was probably more towards  the 50 cent per capsule higher end, as producing the AZT required a biological chemical harvested from herring sperm and took months and over 20 chemical reactions to produce (Kerin & Peterson, 2013). Using the high-end estimate the ROS in 1989 was only 23.3%. This is very close to the 23.5% ROS industry average. By 1989 the price of Retrovir had been reduced by 20% twice. Burroughs Wellcome stated the first price reduction in December of 1987 was due to a synthetically manufactured Thymidine becoming available. At this time, ROS was 23.0% using the 40 cent COGS estimate. Due to public pressure for an affordable AIDS treatment Burroughs Wellcome reduced its price again by 20% in September of 1989. At the 40 cent estimated cost this reduced the ROS to16.4%. Even using the low 30 cent estimate the ROA was only 24% which was is still very comparable to the 23.5% industry average. Burroughs Wellcome overall company ROS in 1989, while they were selling Retrovir at the $1.20 price per 100mg, was only 20%, which is over 3% lower than the industry average. Continued pressure to reduce the price again is not warranted. The figures show that to reduce the price another 20% would show at best a low 18% ROS and a possible negative ROS. Comparing Burroughs Wellcome to 1989 industry average shows all their current  ratios are well within what is normal for the industry. They are not the highest or the lowest of Return on Sales, Return on Assets, or Return on Equity. Burroughs Wellcome has two choices at this point. Do not reduce the price or reduce the price. The advantage of not reducing the price is the ability to maintain their current ratios that will allow them to continue their R&D for new drugs. The disadvantage of not reducing price is dealing with the public, media, Congress, and advocacy groups that may continue to increase pressure on Burroughs Wellcome and create further negative publicity. The advantages of reducing the price would be the reduced pressure from the groups mentioned before and the claim of being ethically responsible. The disadvantage of reducing the price would be losing the current ratios. They take the chance to lose profit margin therefore lose some ability to develop new drugs. Although there is public unrest in regards to the price of Retrovir we do not recommend Burroughs Wellcome reduce the price further. Reducing the price of Retrovir without another new drug would further reduce their current ratios, which are all within industry averages. Drug companies need profits as incentive to continue their  research. Especially when there is the very real possibility of going several years without the discovery and approval of a new drug. Although, on the surface, it seems very unfair for a patient to have to spend close to $10,000 per year for treatment, it would be far worse if they didn’t have the treatment as an option at all. Drug companies such as Burroughs Wellcome would avoid trying to develop â€Å"orphan drugs† if they had no chance of recovering cost. This is why government offers subsidies, tax benefits, and grants extending patents for drugs that qualify. In 1989 there were only 35,189 reported cases of AIDS in America and due to prevention awareness and HIV treatments, AID’s numbers were leveling off. Drug companies are taking a  huge risk investing millions of dollars in cures and treatments for rare diseases. In part, the cost for â€Å"orphan drugs† is so high because so few people are consumers of them. While it would be socially conscious for Burroughs Wellcome to drop the price further, they have to remain a viable company. Profits will ensure the financial future of the company as well as all the shareholders and stakeholders of the company. Maintaining the ROI percentages will allow Burroughs to remain viable and competitive allowing them to continue to develop new drugs that may provide further benefit. If they were to drop their prices it would be benefit public relations as they put the needs of the consumers before profits, however in such a competitive environment this could prove to be to a liability in the pharmaceutical industry, therefore, it is advisable that they do not drop their price by another 20%. References Kerin, R.A & Peterson, R.A. (2003) Strategic Marketing Problems: Cases and Comments England: Pearson Education Limited

Financial Accounting by Dr. Ebenezer

Financial Accounting by Dr. Ebenezer Discoveries, Revelations and Impressions A presentation concerning accounting and finances was provided by Dr. Ebenezer. In his presentation, Dr. Ebenezer provided a brief overview of the phenomenon of financial accounting, as well as the process known as operational accounting. The presented identified the key functions of FA and the means of carrying out the procedure within an organisation.Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on Financial Accounting by Dr. Ebenezer specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Though the issues related to finances and accounting are traditionally perceived as â€Å"dry,† the lecture provided by Dr. Ebenezer seemed really enthralling to me. I was literally captured by the new and exciting facts about the phenomenon of accounting, the possibilities that it opens for a businessman, and the benefits that a company may obtain with the choice of a proper accounting strategy. Particularly, the fact that financial accounting is opposed to operational accounting was quite a surprise for me. Before reading the lecture, I had no idea that the concept of FA had any phenomenon to oppose it to begin with. The resulting discovery of to two phenomena and the way, in which they completed the concept of accounting, made me feel that eventually some light has been shed on the issue. The consequences of understanding the specified detail are beyond impressive – by using only FA in my practice, I would suffer considerable losses because of the lack of focus on the internal users1. The idea of taking huge losses, which may even exceed an organisation’s revenues (e.g., around $ 500,000 from the lack of attention to the knowledge management issues), literally made be relieved that I have acquired this essential piece of information. The concept of financial accounting can be related to the Positive Accounting Theory. Allowing for an identification of the methods of acco unting that lead to maximising the company’s profits, the specified theory strikes me as truly brilliant. Suggested in 1990s as the means to explore the methods of accounting further and increase revenues, the specified theory, in fact, allows for improving the performance of a company to an impressive extent. The theory in question seems especially viable once the material covered in the lecture is integrated into it. Indeed, by including both the processes related to the financial transactions, and the ones that concern organisational behaviour, into the accounting strategy, one will be able to predict the efficacy of specific actions taken by the company with huge precision.2Advertising Looking for critical writing on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The presentation in question has clearly affected my decision-making strategies. Impressed beyond belief by the information concerning two types of accounting, I will necessarily make sure that the methods for both are well developed in the organisation that I will work for. The possibilities, which the use of efficient accounting strategies with regard to the two accounting types opens, enthral me, and I feel very enthusiastic about my future professional progress. Though the challenges, which I may face in the course of these strategies implementation, frighten me and make me feel somewhat uncertain, I am positively sure that I will be able to come up with a viable approach for addressing them. I have strong doubts that the two types of accounting described in the lecture occur in reality in a manner just as distinctive and obvious as Dr. Ebenezer represents them in his lecture; nevertheless, the fact that I already know so much about the financial issues in general and the process of accounting in particular fills me with hope for achieving success. Bibliography Ebenezer, S. â€Å"ChE 423 Process Economics Managem ent. Introduction to Financial Accounting.† Presentation for Project Management Decision Analysis School of Chemical Petroleum Engineering, 2014. Mourik, Carien van and ‎Peter Walton. The Routledge Companion to Accounting, Reporting and Regulation. New York, NY: Routledge, 2013. Footnotes 1. S. Ebenezer, â€Å"ChE 423 Process Economics Management. Introduction to Financial Accounting† (presentation, Project Management Decision Analysis School of Chemical Petroleum Engineering, 2014). 2. Carien van Mourik and ‎Peter Walton, The Routledge Companion to Accounting, Reporting and Regulation (New York, NY: Routledge, 2013), p. 104.Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on Financial Accounting by Dr. Ebenezer specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More

Bella Heath Care India Essay Example

Bella Heath Care India Essay Example Bella Heath Care India Essay Bella Heath Care India Essay 1. What capabilities and resources does a company need to develop new products? Which of these capabilities and resources does Bella India have? There are 4 competencies that a manufacturing company needs to successfully penetrate the market with new products. 1) Market Research Ability: a company needs to know in details about the market. The details include from the demand for specific function in a product, demand for specific service related to the product, to information about suppliers in the market. 2) High Quality: a company needs to insure high quality of the product in order to succeed in the market. In order to guarantee the level of quality in manufacturing industry, high level of technology reflected in manufacturing facilities and high quality of labor force in order to operate the facilities are crucial. Technology Labor force 3) Low Cost: a company needs ability to produce a new product with lower cost compared to its competitors. 4) Organizational Structure: a company requires right form of organizational structure depending on its industry and external environment. With an appropriate match between structure and environment, the company’s internal communication and decision making process would work effectively. Among those 4 competencies, what Bella India has towards Indian market is as follows: Market Research Ability, High Quality, Organizational Structure. 1) Market Research Ability: Bella Healthcare has extensive channel to access information of market in both the U.S. and India. This allowed Bella Healthcare to have plenty of information about suppliers in both the U.S. and India, and to point out the local demand towards A/S. 2) High Quality Technology: Since its inception in 1969, Bella Health Care has accumulated its technology reflected in its plant in St. Louis. Moreover, since 1990s, Bella Health Care India has also showed high level of technology proficiency. Labor Force: A number of engineers are with full background technological knowledge, but at the same time requires much less wage. 3) Organizational Structure: Bella Health Care has independent structure. This enables Bella India to make important decisions by itself not being interfered by HQ in the US. Bella India has its own authority in project building, manufacturing, and staffing which makes the company react swiftly and localize easily. Also, Bella India has a flat culture so engineers can participate in decision making process. It has encouraged Bella India to be well-communicating organization with constant innovation. However, when it comes to projects that require intimate cooperation with HQ, such as Project Baton, this structure may hinder communication between the HQ and the division. 2. Why did Project Baton fail? Project Baton, the first joint product development by St. Louis-based team and Bella India team, has cancelled. Below are 3 possible reasons of the failure of this project. 1) Communication Problems Cultural difference:  As the two teams had different cultural context, they misunderstand each other even though they have not had problems with their co-workers before. Even though they can speak in the same language (in this context, Bella India team would speak English), there is possibility that the words or phrases have different meaning. Also, the same behavior or attitude could be regard as suitable and polite in some cultural group, while it is rude in other group. For instance, in this case, a-few-minute late for a conference call or missing deadline could be trivial for Bella India team but it could be serious problem for the St. Louis supervisor because they are in different cultural context. Far distance between two project teams made communication difficult Both team felt frustrated to have late-night conference calls and to go on a business trip because they need to do extra work. Sudden vacancy in project manager position in St. Louis. Unexpected Departure in this position lasts several weeks and it would make two project teams to communicate more slowly and less effectively. Conflicts in priority between design engineers and manufacturing Bella India team focused on designing for manufacturing most, while St. Louis-based team took care of developing the best, most commercially viable functionality. It seems they had difficulties in making settlement because they mostly care about their own responsibility, not about working closely. 2) Technical problems Bella run into difficulty with operations making a new product. When they made prototype of project Baton, amplifier did not work well. Actually, Baton was not that high-tech project, because it was application of EKG with treadmill. Developers had a strength to make cost lower, but did not have ability making application within certain time deadline. 3) Sourcing issues. Bella expected vital part such as microcontroller to be outsourced in Asia, but they had to brought it from US costly since Asian benders delayed the delivery. They failed cost control because of unqualified benders. Without second plan or diversified benders, new process can easily face such problem. At last, product which consumes 30% higher cost than initial expected value makes Bella give up the project Baton in 2007. 3. Should Bella India take on Project TKO and develop an Bella Healthcare specifically for the local market? Why or why not? 1) Internal aspects Bella healthcare has its’ own mission   Bella health care usually sells 12 channel devices which provide accurate diagnosis of disease. In developing countries, sometimes they face with resource constraints, such as power failure or lack of doctors. So Bella healthcare develop simplified version of device, TKO. Most of the techniques are already existed and used in Bella health care. They can get higher profit by using little bit modified devices They learn from last fail. Using experience learned from ‘Project Bacon’, they can make a great success in this project. In Baton project, Bella health care in India and its’ headquarter develop a new product together. However they have a communication problem and it ruins the project. In TKO project, Mr. Manning made a task force team, so they can control the project by themselves. Also, they already experience a problem in outsourcing procedure, so they can handle potential problem more easily about outsourcing issue. And last, they have a technical ability to build the one motor model which was not done at the previous project. 2) External Aspects India is big and continuously growing market India has large Population, and their economy is growing. Also the professional says that patients of CAD will increases in a large number. Asian smokes a lot, and they get stressed, so they are likely to get CAD. However the number of doctors and facilities are very small, and most of them are located in the city. Though by they need a device easy to control and diagnose market prospects has green color. Market size of single-channel is biggest among others market. According to the chart, sales amount of single-channel is 19,825. Considering total amounts of EKG market in India is about 31,000 units, single-channel has a value. Not big in this time, but strong competitors exist. The second external issue is market share. In single-channel market, dominant company is BPL Health, local brand, who has 56% of market. Except BPL Health, there is no strong market leader. Most of them have only 5%, or lower than 5%. GE, most significant competitor, also shows only 4% in this market. Include BPL most of local companies and Asian companies are not a serious problem. Because they don’t catch market needs like aftersales service or product innovation, so they will wipe out natural. But GE is not, Golden lush to single-channel is just starting. Until now, GE focused on high channel market like 3-chaanel or 6-channel market, and ran in to single-channel market recently. But GE has been worked faster than Bella Healthcare definitely. In contrast Bella Healthcare, Bella Healthcare just starts on preparing about single-channel market, GE already participates in these market. And the CEO of GE Healthcare in South Asia set a goal that is big growth in India market within next 2-3years. Other competitive companies like Medi Ved and Perfint Healthcare continuously produce a new model for India market. Although not involved yet, Philips is also a powerful potential rival. They have a 29% market share in 6/12-channel market already. 3) Suggestion Most of internal and external environments shows positive situation, considering circumstances single-channel market is very attractive. But the issue about competition is the reason of hesitation. To solve this problem, they should propel Project TKO to make special product for India market. Then how they can be success in this harsh race? There are two tracks; the first one is be a market leader by their own special function. And the second one is be a fast follower. First strategy Estimated specifications of Bella Healthcare’s new product are not special compare with other competitors that, easy-to-use interface, low weight, high efficiency. But the one thing is different, mobile connectivity. India has a ridiculously little number of medical doctors and terrible accessibility on medical service. 6 physicians per 10,000 people exist. This figure is lower than 1/20 number of UK and almost 1/100 number of USA. Mobile connectivity can help this problem. Through Bella Healthcare’s new product will be able to get a medical service to remote area. If it is possible that patients condition that diagnosis by machine, sends to physician and receive prescribed via mobile, relatively large number of patients can be provided medical service without seeing a specialist directly. But, it can be possible when 1) the technology that can be equipped with wireless capabilities should be exist, 2) they supported by the local telecommunications infrastructure, and 3) add wireless capabilities not make a result the loss of product competitive price. After reviewing the situation, if possible, to do this immediately to become the market leader, it is the first strategy. Second strateg However, if the situation occur like add wireless capabilities is impossible, the lack of telecommunications infrastructure or add wireless capabilities lead to the loss of price competitiveness, the first strategy is to give up quickly. Instead, Bella Healthcare can take Me too strategy by quickly chasing GEs market-leading, and seek s getting a firm second rank in the market. Asian – Pacific market shows fast growth rate about 9-12% per year, because of that ‘Me too’ strategy will be enough to take profits. In addition, this strategy saves RD expense lather then first strategy, so it can ensure price competition.

Smooth operations - Emphasis

Smooth operations Smooth operations There is a corner of Emphasis Towers dedicated solely to the behind-the-scenes team known as Operations. We are the stage-hands to the trainers thespians; the gaffers to Client Relations stage directors. And while we may be hidden away like Quasimodo in his bell tower, we do have the pleasure of knowing it would be hard to pull off the show without us. It is, of course, Client Relations who will venture out to meet you, get to know you and your business, and discover just how Emphasis can help to make your documents shine; our course developers who design a programme to move and motivate you to be the best business writer possible; and our trainers who will analyse your work and deliver the goods on the day. Were squirreled away in the midst of all this, gathering up the vital pieces of information like so many acorns for winter. And we like to follow our own companys advice in Operations Corner: Well put the reader first by presenting you with only what you need to know to get everyone to where they need to be. We have the whys and hows, so well just ask for your whos, wheres and whens. We helpfully punctuate this with requests that guide you through: well elicit writing samples; extract dates, timings, attendee and venue information and you wont feel a thing. Well build a logical structure from one end of the process to the other to the delegate list we add samples, to the samples we add graphs; well print and bind the manuals, copy and file worksheets; well send the trainer to you with everything they need to address all your business-writing needs. On the day of your course, by the first chorus of: So thats how to use an apostrophe! we may not even be a speck in your memory. But then a good operations team is like good writing: efficient, effective, invisible.

How does the ideology New World Order help a country's effort to Essay

How does the ideology New World Order help a country's effort to identify, understand, and or address worldwide problems that go beyond the capacity of individual states to solve - Essay Example There will a unity of religion, some saying that no religion will be taught nor tolerated. There will be no visas required while travelling as there will be no borders. The same currency will be used all over the world. One military will be used to enforce the laws (Slaughter 9). The whole world will use the same language, monolingual. The New World Order was initially developed to deal with the changes in the world (Mark3). There are so many emerging issues that are as a result of things such as changing living patterns and technologies. The world is growing day by day. It has led to growing economies. People being able to have more purchasing power and better lifestyles. The changes have also led to problems in the social, economic and political fronts. The ideology was supposed to help control the negative changes. The ideology can be used to tackle issues and problems facing both developing and developed countries (Slaughter 9). The first problem that can be tackled is racism. Throughout history, people have been being discriminated on the basis of their skin color. By becoming one, the issue of racism will be eliminated in the world. As there are very few people who practice it in today’s world. Unity will see it come to an end. Secondly, the removal of borders will lead to economic growth. People will be able to move from one country to the next carrying out business activities. The removal of different currencies to have one will also help. There will be no need to exchange currencies during transactions. The economic growth will not be attributed to one particular country, but the world as a whole. Thirdly, healthcare will be provided to everyone in the world for free. Many countries are struggling to provide free medical covers. Developed countries like the United States are the only ones that have been able to provide free health services. Lack of medical services has led to a large population

The Titanic OR The Love Canal OR BP Deepwater Horizon Spill OR Essay

The Titanic OR The Love Canal OR BP Deepwater Horizon Spill OR Fukushima Reactor Meltdown OR Wikileaks(Julian Assange) - Essay Example This implies that, what is more important to consider for an individual is the fact that she or he as a person is responsible and independently acting, and conscious being (existence) rather than the labels, stereotypes, definitions, roles, and other preconceived categories fitting the individual (essence) (Thomas 23). Basically, what this means is that the actual life of a person is what constitutes his or her true essence instead of other arbitrarily attributable essence used by other people to define her or him. Therefore, going by existentialism, a human being, through his or her own consciousness creates his or her own values which determine a meaning to his or her life. Though existentialism has its strong point, other approaches refute it. Generally, existentialism approach can offer practical and useful solutions to psychological problems, it overemphasizes three different themes namely: meaningless, isolation and death. Proponents of these approach then place (Thomas 42). Ex istentialism alongside the ethics arising out of it can be such an attractive package. The fact that in existentialism one can create his or her actions, shows that this approach can give a person a good moral base line. However, it does not imply that it necessarily does that, as it has an assortment of belief and tenets but fails to involve detailed code of ethics (Warnock 46). Each individual is left to work the issue of ethics himself or herself but within the tenets of existential through system. This gives an individual a lot of latitude to decide what is wrong and right. However, it is worth noting that some individuals may reach a spurious notion of what is right and wrong. This is one of the key weaknesses of this ethics. The second weakness is that existentialism ethics is tied up with other systems (Thomas 43). This way, it can lead those who adhere to it into wrongheaded decisions. Existential principles are entwined with established, detailed, and complex ethical system s (Thomas 25). The third weakness is that existentialism is hard to be interpreted by many people. The result of which is that few people end up using its principles as their ethical guidelines The Love Canal is the Niagara Falls chemical disaster (Brook 3). This town was not arguably known for what it was designed for â€Å"love† but for being the largest chemical disaster in North America. As existentialism will have it, William T. Love had envisioned creating a town near Niagara Falls, which will run off hydroelectricity. His plan was that the hydropower would be supplied to this town by running these canal from the upper Niagara Rivers to the lower part of this river (Brook 5). Mr. Love’s plan was to turn this canal into a shipping route with a model city, which surrounded the canal. However, this did not happen. This is because the â€Å"Panic of 1893† caused the financiers of the project to pull out their money. Mr. Love went broke which meant the end of t hese project (Brook 8). The aftermath of Mr. Love’

Explore the ways in which Bernard ODonoghue presents the sense of loss Coursework

Explore the ways in which Bernard ODonoghue presents the sense of loss in Round the Campfire and consider to what extent it is typical of ODonoghues poetry - Coursework Example Apart from highlighting the sense of loss, O’Donoghue appeared to coil the memories around the theme of mortality, which is a common feature of his poems. The lines that highlighted the weight of the loss included â€Å"she darted laughing, From the van, dodging hooves, Better than anyone. She sang Dingle Bay all down the MI†.3In the second stanza, the poet introduces the reader to the memories of her daughter, and the memories that made the loss extremely painful. The memories highlighted the weight of loss included her liveliness, and the joy of the moments spent together, during the day that she died. The sense of loss is demonstrated through the poet’s ability to reflect the theme of loss in the style of writing and also the contents of the poem. After introducing the reader to the memories that made the loss of the daughter a source of pain, the poet explains the events leading to her death, through stating that â€Å"she died, I couldn’t say†.4The poet expresses the unexplainable nature of the events leading to the death, and then moved ahead to the last memories about the daughter in the fourth stanza.5At the fifth stanza O’Donoghue added some beauty to the memories related to the last moments, including the properties that did not have identified owners.6 At the sixth stanza, the poem reinforced the sense of loss, by reminding the reader about the memories that lingered in his mind about the daughter. The poetic style gave the indication that O’Donoghue is emphasizing the themes of lost memories and mortality. The poet makes reference to real and figurative things, including dodging hooves, which could be an indication of her movement and pace as she left the van, during the last moments they spent together. The poet could probably tell about the causes of the death of the daughter, and also a form of

Compare two poetry Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Compare two poetry - Essay Example As â€Å"The Snow Man† opens with lines â€Å"One must have a mind of winter / To regard the frost and the boughs / Of the pine-trees crusted with snow†, the speaker in the third person viewpoint seemingly expresses personal belief on what snow or winter is about. To him, it is essential to have a ‘mind of winter’ so that one perceives more than the feeling of cold. During cold season, our natural tendency is to respond by covering ourselves with thick hides or cloth to be protected from the extremes of low icy temperatures but the poet indicates through the speaker that we ought to recognize the strength born by the pine trees ‘crusted with snow’. Paying regard to the boughs of the trees that remain unbreakable despite the frost summons us to the thought that no matter how intense the degree of coldness is of the snowy winter, a ‘snow man’ that becomes of us would know and acknowledge the climate’s heart. So instead of prev enting the snowiness, we would rather be among the pines that hold and keep the wintry sensation of burning cold without putting on fire or any opposite element against it. Through the second stanza which consists of the lines â€Å"And have been cold a long time / To behold the junipers shagged with ice, / The spruces rough in the distant glitter†, our critical reading is further brought to realize the significance of ‘cold’ in our lives. ‘Cold’ being that which stands for loneliness, suffering, emptiness, or any similar condition of distress is something that can refine a man to a resolute state of well-being having a kind of beauty that radiates in and out. Equivalently, a person who values hardships and perseverance for the sake of establishing a meaningful existence, in the process, walks a path that leads to wonder. The terms ‘shagged’ and ‘rough’ may be associated with an unfavorable load or burden yet either the â₠¬Ëœjunipers’ or the ‘spruces’ occur to bear a proud imagery of delight that can sparkle even from a distance. This scenario is quite symbolic of a manner by which an individual takes good pride upon earning dignity and respect made firm via continuous deeds of righteousness and constant struggle to avoid the complacent ways of evil in the world. Good acts may be often unseen but the fruit of pure joy and the absence of guilt are adequate signs of one’s glowing beauty from within just like the coniferous plants of winter which are altogether a sight of marvel. Stevens’ â€Å"The Snow Man† proceeds with â€Å"and not to think / Of any misery in the sound of the wind, / In the sound of a few leaves, / Which is the sound of the land / Full of the same wind / That is blowing in the same bare place†. To this extent, the speaker likely conveys for us to distinguish between the snow and the sound of the wind under the sun’s heat which i s capable of swaying merely ‘few leaves’ that embody the petty worries of living. It is not quite worth our precious time to be toiling for things of material composition or those that are perishable in nature for we can never count on them to build an inner foundation of courage and reason to work out concerns based on several aspects of life. What the wind causes turns out to be a plain influence of breeze which everyone in our planet can cope with at any rate or level. In reality, for instance, working to achieve a

Applied Case Study report for Transnational Geographies Essay

Applied Case Study report for Transnational Geographies - Essay Example According to recent estimates 77.9 million Asians reside in different parts of the world and 215,764,000 people migrated to different parts of the globe in the year 2010 (MPI data, 2012). The figures illustrate the significance of transnational migration and provide the base for numerous research studies. Migration Information Source (MIS) is an integral part of the Migration Policy Institute (MPI) that caters to the compilation and assimilation of data collected from different global organizations, government bodies and agencies on migratory trends and statistics. The data collected by the MIS is structured and collated to provide analytical evidence of transnational migration trends. The online information resource forms a vital source for information and data on migration movements enabling analysts to provide different perspectives on people movement for improved understanding of migration. The reports, data and statistics are accessible to journalists, policymakers, researchers and academicians online (MIS website, 2012). Research context – background and overview Global migration has been one of the important aspects driving the economic growth and development of any region. While migration in the ancient times was limited to trade and settlement purposes, the modern era defined new grounds for migration and the number of people migrating from one country to another continues to increase (Hamilton and Grieco, 2002). Migration of people from one region to another had immense social, cultural and economic implications. Researchers, academicians and policy makers realized the need to have instant access to migration data for analyzing social development, cultural impacts, and economic growth factors. However, there were very few reliable sources of information available on people migration from one country to another earlier. The need for an easily accessible and reliable source of data in this context was realized. The MIS was conceived as a part of the MPI, that forms a non-profit organization based in Washington. The goal of the MPI was to â€Å"deliver sound and accurate data and analysis on migration trends and refugees† (Hamilton and Grieco, 2002, p3). The online information service was thus conceptualized in the early 2000s to facilitate data collection and analysis of international migration. Numerous research studies on transnational geographies have focused on analyzing migration trends and its influence on social, cultural and economic development of any region. A research article by Radcliffe, Silvey, and Olson (2006) explored the political dimensions of transnational migration and its linkages to religious beliefs, cultural practices and economic development within a region. The paper explores the different perspectives and conclusive evidences offered by numerous research studies in this context. Another research study by Silvey (2004) seeks to explain the role of States of Indonesia and Saudi Arabia in shap ing migratory trends of women between the two countries. A more recent study by Blunt (2007) focused on the inter-linkages existing between the cultural environment of a region and transnational mobility. Faist (2008) in his works on migration and transnational development reflects on â€Å"how national states structure the transnational spaces in which non-state actors are engaged in cross-border

Everyday uses of mathematics 0920 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Everyday uses of mathematics 0920 - Essay Example One simply cannot cook unless one is not able to get the proportion of varied ingredients that need to be put in a particular dish. One cannot cook varied recipes given in cook books and magazines if one does not know the basic mathematics to be able to calculate the quantity of varied spices and ingredients that one needs to put in a dish one is cooking. Once again, driving a car is a fairly common activity. Yet, the thing is that to know as to when one will reach one’s destination one need to know about the distance at which a place is located and the speed of one’s car. Only then one is able to calculate the time when he will reach the intended destination. Once again, this requires knowledge of basic mathematics. Students and household people do keep weekly and monthly budgets to keep an eye on their expenditure and savings. Again it is not possible to make and manage household budgets unless one does not know how to count the money one has at one’s disposal and as to how to add, subtract, divide and multiply varied sums of money. The one other thing students and professionals do is to keep a weekly and monthly planner to be able to manage their routines and to keep an eye on the time they have at their disposal. Again, one really cannot keep oneself organized and punctual by keeping a track of one’s t ime if one does not know how to watch time and the basic mathematics to be able to add and subtract time. The other commonly known activity that requires the knowledge of mathematics is the maintenance of personal statistics. People losing weight do keep a track of the pounds they have gained or lost and the change in the circumference of their waist and arms and legs. One really cannot do these things without knowing a little bit of mathematics. Isn’t it interesting to note that one even cannot lose weight without having knowledge of mathematics? People often go to shopping and while

Applied Case Study report for Transnational Geographies Essay

Applied Case Study report for Transnational Geographies - Essay Example According to recent estimates 77.9 million Asians reside in different parts of the world and 215,764,000 people migrated to different parts of the globe in the year 2010 (MPI data, 2012). The figures illustrate the significance of transnational migration and provide the base for numerous research studies. Migration Information Source (MIS) is an integral part of the Migration Policy Institute (MPI) that caters to the compilation and assimilation of data collected from different global organizations, government bodies and agencies on migratory trends and statistics. The data collected by the MIS is structured and collated to provide analytical evidence of transnational migration trends. The online information resource forms a vital source for information and data on migration movements enabling analysts to provide different perspectives on people movement for improved understanding of migration. The reports, data and statistics are accessible to journalists, policymakers, researchers and academicians online (MIS website, 2012). Research context – background and overview Global migration has been one of the important aspects driving the economic growth and development of any region. While migration in the ancient times was limited to trade and settlement purposes, the modern era defined new grounds for migration and the number of people migrating from one country to another continues to increase (Hamilton and Grieco, 2002). Migration of people from one region to another had immense social, cultural and economic implications. Researchers, academicians and policy makers realized the need to have instant access to migration data for analyzing social development, cultural impacts, and economic growth factors. However, there were very few reliable sources of information available on people migration from one country to another earlier. The need for an easily accessible and reliable source of data in this context was realized. The MIS was conceived as a part of the MPI, that forms a non-profit organization based in Washington. The goal of the MPI was to â€Å"deliver sound and accurate data and analysis on migration trends and refugees† (Hamilton and Grieco, 2002, p3). The online information service was thus conceptualized in the early 2000s to facilitate data collection and analysis of international migration. Numerous research studies on transnational geographies have focused on analyzing migration trends and its influence on social, cultural and economic development of any region. A research article by Radcliffe, Silvey, and Olson (2006) explored the political dimensions of transnational migration and its linkages to religious beliefs, cultural practices and economic development within a region. The paper explores the different perspectives and conclusive evidences offered by numerous research studies in this context. Another research study by Silvey (2004) seeks to explain the role of States of Indonesia and Saudi Arabia in shap ing migratory trends of women between the two countries. A more recent study by Blunt (2007) focused on the inter-linkages existing between the cultural environment of a region and transnational mobility. Faist (2008) in his works on migration and transnational development reflects on â€Å"how national states structure the transnational spaces in which non-state actors are engaged in cross-border

Support use of the medication. Essay Example for Free

Support use of the medication. Essay 1. Identify legislation that governs the use of medication in the social care settings. The Medicines Act 1968, the Misuse of Drugs Act 1971 (and later amendments), the Misuse of Drugs (Safe Custody) Regulations 1973 (and later amendments), the Health and Safety at Work Act (1974), COSHH, the Mental Capacity Act (2005) the Access to health records Act (1990), the Data Protection Act (1998) plus equality legislation. 2. Outline the legal classification system for medication. The classification of medicines are all related to the medicines act 1968, while working with medication it is good to have an understanding and working knowledge of the common types of medication by training that should be provided by you company that you work for. 3. Explain how and why policies and procedures or agreed ways of working must reflect and incorporate legislative requirements. The polices and procedures are put in place to make sure that legislation is being followed so that all people in the setting, staff and the people who need care are being cared for are safe, all needs are being met, inclusive practise and diversity is being followed out and that the setting is staying within the law. They must reflect on legislation so that the polices and procedures are correct and are the correct way of doing things. For example if a health and safety procedure was put in place and was not inline with legislation then this could cause the setting to get in trouble with the law and could cause harm to the person who was in need of health and safety requirements could become harmed. Read more: Essay About  Administer Medication and Monitor the Effects 4. Identify common types of medication. Antibiotics, Antipsychotic and anti depressants. 5. List conditions for which each type of medication may be prescribed? Antibiotics They can be used to treat relatively mild conditions such as acne as well as potentially life-threatening conditions such as pneumonia. Antipsychotic medications are often prescribed for the treatment of bipolar disorder. Psychotic symptoms are common in bipolar I disorder, and antipsychotic medications are the standard treatment for these symptoms. There are also some antipsychotic that have direct effects on mania and/or depression and are therefore used as mood stabilizers. Anti depressants Antidepressants are used to treat several conditions. They include, but are not limited to: depression, generalized anxiety disorder, agitation, obsessive compulsive disorders (OCD), manic-depressive disorders, childhood enuresis (bedwetting), major depressive disorder, , naturopathic pain, social anxiety disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). 6. Describe changes to an individuals physical or mental well being that may indicate an adverse reaction to the medication. Antibiotics possible adverse reactions: Being sick feeling sick diarrhoea bloating and indigestion abdominal pain loss of appetite. Antipsychotic possible adverse reactions. Stiffness and shakiness – this can often be reduced by lowering the dose. However, if a high dose is necessary, the shakiness can be treated with the same kind of medication that is used for Parkinson’s disease. Uncomfortable restlessness (akathisia) Persistent abnormal movement, usually of jaw, lips and tongue () Make the problem worse before it makes it better. Anti depressants possible adverse reactions. SSRIs and SNRIs Common side effects of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and serotonin- reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) include: feeling sick diarrhoea or constipation dizziness dry mouth feeling agitated or shaky not sleeping well (insomnia) or, alternatively, feeling very sleepy loss of appetite excessive sweating 7. Describe the roles and responsibilities of those involved in prescribing dispensing and supporting use of medication. The prescriber must be trained appropriately (may be a GP or nurse prescriber for example) and update themselves as required by any professional body that they might belong to prescriptions should be written clearly, ensuring the patient understands any side effects and the reasons for the prescription be given to them and how long they should take it for. Medication should only be prescribed after careful consideration of the patients best interests. The prescriber should have access to the most up to date version of the British National Formulary (BNF). Dispensing must also be appropriately trained, follow safe systems of work and understand the side effects of various drugs; be able to access appropriate information and understand when to access advice or further information (the dispenser may not necessarily be a trained pharmacist but should be working alongside one). By supporting medication this is through following care plans or support plans; staying with the person to support them to take it; using appropriate equipment (spoon etc) and a drink of water or any other way to help the medication go down like a yoghurt and of course reassuring communication. 8. Explain were responsibilities lie in relation to use of over the counter remedies and supplements Many medicines can be purchased through wholesalers and retail outlets by anyone. People may decide to buy and keep remedies to take themselves, including herbal remedies and products that they purchase from other countries. When the care provider keeps a range of ‘homely remedies’, it is care workers who will decide whether to give them to a resident or not. Homely remedies are used to provide immediate relief for mild to moderate symptoms. They are treatments that people would use themselves without consulting their GP, for example to treat toothache or indigestion. These medicines are potent and may interact with medicines that the doctor has prescribed for residents. The care provider is under no obligation to provide this treatment. But if homely remedies are purchased for occasional use by residents, the care provider must have a written policy that details the following: †¢ which medicines are kept for immediate relief of mild symptoms that a resident may choose to self-treat in their own home †¢ the indications for offering the medicines †¢ the dose to give and how often it may be repeated before referring to the resident’s doctor †¢ how to establish with the resident’s GP that the remedies will not interact with other prescribed medicines †¢ how to obtain the resident’s consent to treatment that the doctor has not prescribed †¢ how the administration will be recorded. 9. Describe the routes by which medication can be administered. Oral Nasal Transdermal Rectal sub-cutaneous intra-muscular intravenous 10. Describe different forms in which medication may be presented. tablet or capsule sublingual (SL) under the tongue buccal in the cheek Suppository vaginal [per vagina (PV)] inserted in the vagina rectal [per rectum (PR)] inserted in the rectum inhalation inhaled through the nose or mouth aerosol -spray (fluid) nebulizer device used to produce a fine spray or mist, often in a metered dose (fluid) intradermal within the skin intramuscular within the muscle intravenous within the vein subcutaneous under the skin Related to skin topical applied to the surface of the skin cream, lotion, ointment transdermal absorption of drug through unbroken skin. 11. Describe materials and equipment that can assist in administering medication. Gloves Aprons Spoons Medication pots Syringes Inhalers Peg tubes. 12. Explain the importance of the following principles in the use of medication. Consent, self administration, dignity and privacy and confidentiality. If someone self-medicates or is actively encouraged to participate in the whole process of taking their medication, depending on their ability, e.g. knowing when they need to repeat their prescription, knowing the time to take their meds, or getting a glass of water to take their tablets then they are being empowered to be active in the process, not a passive recipient who has no understanding/control over a part of their life, its about being person-centred, doing things with the individual, promoting their independence, feelings of self-worth esteem, hopefully less chance of mistakes being made. An individuals right to have their dignity privacy respected, following organisations Policies Procedures, National Standards, Codes of Conduct, Essential Standards of Quality Safety, this also relates to consent (Mental Capacity Act 2005) the right to confidentiality (Data Protection Act.) 13. Explain how risk assessment can be used to promote an individuals independence in managing medication. You have to think how a risk assessment finds the best way to manage something so that the individual is as independent as possible. For example it can find the best equipment for the individual to use to take a liquid medication foe example a spoon, cup, syringe etc so that they dont have to rely on others. Or it can reveal the individuals ability to remember what to take and when to take it.

Variations of Squat Techniques

Variations of Squat Techniques The Ultimate Exercise The smell of sweat, rubber and rust swirl through the air as an athlete prepares to step under a squat bar loaded with the next weight he is about to move. As the athlete steps under the bar, he thinks about his position and form. Then removes the weight and using proper technique, moves the weight for multiple repetitions before returning the weight back to the rack. The squat is a movement that is extremely useful for people of all ages or gender. This is because it is a natural movement that is found in everyday life. It also has other health benefits that can help improve things like joint pain, muscle mass and tone, as well as cardio vascular health. With proper technique and form, the squat can improve multiple aspects of life. There are many different styles of squatting. Although at the core of it they all are the same motion, each squatting style has its own benefits compared to the others. Some different examples of squat styles include the style most people think of when they think of squatting. This is back squat. There is also front squat and overhead squat. Within each of these styles there are also different variations to these motions to create improvements in different aspects of life. The back squat is the most recognizable form of the squat. This style in itself has many benefits, but to unlock these benefits you must make sure that you have the proper form and technique. This is imperative for your health and safety. According to Dariusz Czaprowski, Ryszard Biernat, and Agnieszka Kà ªdra in their article â€Å"SQUAT – RULES OF PERFORMING AND MOST COMMON MISTAKES Squat – methodology of teaching,† they break down learning the squat into three stages Stage one talks about reshaping the body so that the movement starts with a â€Å"hip hinge (Czaprowski 4).† Czaprowski also states that when people begin their attempt at a squat, they usually begin with bending their knees. This causes â€Å"shearing and compression forces† on the knee. This is why the hip hinge should be the first action when completing the squat. (3) The motion of the squat is the next important stage. This motion is best described in â€Å"Back Squat Exercise: A Primer† by John M. Cissik. He breaks done the motion of the squat into three different phases. These phases are broken down into â€Å"Start, Descend, and Ascend† (Cissik 29). Cissik starts talking about the Start position by saying, At the beginning of the back squat, the barbell is positioned on the squat rack. The athlete should step underneath the bar so that it rests on the back of his/her shoulders. The bar should be positioned where it is comfortable or the athlete. The athlete should stand up and step out of the squat rack. The feet should be even and between hip width and shoulder width apart with the weight on the athlete’s heels. The athlete should look straight ahead or slightly up. Before beginning the descent, the athlete should inflate the chest and pull the shoulders back, this action tightens the muscles along the spine helping to protect the lumbar vertebrae. (29) By performing the steps given here by Cissik, the athlete will have a very safe starting position. One the athlete is in the start position, Cissik then explains step by step the safe way of descending with the weight. This is very important because improper form, as stated before, can take away from the benefits of the exercise as well as increase the possibility for injury. The second phase is the descend. This phase is described by Cissik by saying, From the start position, the athlete descends by pushing the hips back and unlocking the knees. As this is done, the weight remains on the heels. The athlete should squat down until the thighs are parallel to the floor, unless there is an injury that would modify this. As the athlete is descending, the chest needs to remain inflated with the shoulders pulled back. (29) At the bottom of the descend phase immediately starts the third and final stage of the squat the Ascend (Cissik 29). At this point in the squat the athlete is at their lowest point. The article then explains how to perform the Ascend phase: Once the athlete has reached the bottom position, the athlete should reverse directions and stand up. As this is done, the hips and shoulders need to rise up at the same speed to prevent the athlete from toppling forward. The athlete needs to remember to keep the chest inflated and the shoulders back throughout the ascent. (Cissik 29) After the completion of the Ascend phase the athlete has then completed the entire squat. With an understanding of the form and motion of the back squat, why would someone want to add this into their workout program? There are multitudes of benefits that are cited in multiple articles and journals including increased mobility, strength, functional strength, as well as many other benefits to be described later in this paper. The main benefits that many people, men and women, should be interested in are that the squat increases functional strength as well as an increase in flexibility and strength. These will benefit not only in moving weight at a weight room, but also in doing daily activities. The squat motion is an extremely primal motion that has been used since human beings have been on the earth. They have used this motion to hunt food, gather food items such as berries and vegetables, and move obstacles. This is why when an athlete does a squat they not only work their lower body, but they also are working the nervous system (Vales). The squat is also found throughout our day. The functionality of this movement allows us to do things like lift heavy objects and jump to reach an object. The squat also aids in creating proper posture (Cohen). Although men are normally viewed as the type of athlete that would perform a squat, there are also many benefits for women. These include (but are not limited to) aiding in conception and the birthing process, weight loss, muscle toning, and improve balance (Daniel). Squatting in the later weeks of pregnancy helps in the birthing process by opening the pelvic area. This creates a shorter delivery time. It also creases a safer environment for a woman and her baby. Squatting increases balance and leg strength. Gains in these areas decrease the risk of falls protecting both the woman and child (Martinez). Some of the main benefits of a squat come for an athlete or someone trying to become fit. The squat not only helps with the functionality of daily live but also helps with muscle growth, increases testosterone production, increases speed as well as vertical jump, and tones abs and muscles (Vale). Other than the well-known back squat there many other variations of squatting you can incorporate into a workout to activate different muscle groups for specified training. The main squat variations other than your typical back squat include the Front Squat, Over-Head Squat, Zercher Squats, Anderson Squats, Bulgarian Split Squats, and One-Legged Squats. Each of these squats use the same general motion, but all have different techniques to improve your specific areas of fitness (Smith). The first variation most typically used after the Back Squat is the Front squat. This style of squatting consists of holding a barbell across the shoulders on the front side of the body. Placing the bar here trains the quadriceps, core, and the upper back more by putting a greater emphasis on these areas. This squat is also much easier to perform correctly due to the position of the center of gravity. By including this lift into a workout regimen, athletes will gain greater strength in the core and upper back as well as increase balanced leg strength (Smith). The front squat is also a better alternative for people struggling with some back problems. This is because the Front Squat decreases spinal compression as well as spinal flexion and Torque (Behar). The author, Jeff Behar, explains in his article â€Å"7 Benefits of Front Squats† by explaining â€Å"The difficulty of the exercise [The Front Squat] results in less weight being able to be used. Less weight on the bar, equals less spinal compression.† He also tells readers that â€Å"By carrying the bar in the front, you reduce spinal flexion. This makes the Front Squats a safer leg exercise for your back† (Behar). After the Front squat in popularity is the Over Head Squat. This movement helps increase balance, mobility and muscular control by holding a barbell over the head. Also, this variation of the squat helps perfect the Snatch lift. Smith explains this by saying â€Å"The overhead squat strengthens the midpoint of the barbell snatch and is essential to mastering that particular lift.† This lift also emphasizes hip mobility more than any other variation of the squat (Smith). Another squat style that can help you in other aspects of lifting exercises is the Zercher Squat (Smith). In the article, Smith explains the motion of the squat by saying â€Å"With your elbows bent at your side, place the barbell in the crook of your bent elbows. Squat until your elbows go between your knees or the bar touches your thighs. Thats one advantage of the Zercher: It tells you when you reach depth.† This movement is accepted by many lifters that do deadlift due to the similar base of a deadlift movement (Smith). After performing many of these styles, athletes may notice that they â€Å"Bounce† at the bottom of the movement. The Anderson Squat was designed to take away this bounce and create a more honest lift from the bottom of the squat. This lift also helps with control at the bottom of the squat movement. This will help with your other squat movements (Smith). The motion is explained by the author when he says Simply place the barbell on the safety pins in a rack at a height that would be at or near the bottom position of your squat. Be sure to pause between reps with the bar on the safety pins. This will ensure you dont cave to the temptation to bounce for assistance. (Smith) All of the variations of the squat motion talked about so far have required the use of both legs activating at the same time. The last two are different in the fact that you use one leg at a time. The One-Legged squat and Bulgarian Squat both require balance and strength to be performed, but when mastered they both train balance (Smith). This is because your body is more stable when you stand on two legs. The Bulgarian Split is performed similarly to the back squat with position of the barbell. The difference comes when you place one foot behind you. The squat motion is explained by Smith in his article by saying â€Å"Place one foot a few feet behind you on a bench or raised platform. Keeping an upright torso, begin by pushing your hips back, like in a back squat. Allow your back leg to bend at the knee.† This squat uses unilateral movement to correct imbalances between the right and left side of the body. This style of squat can also be done using a Front Squat bar position (Smith). The final squat variation is the One-Legged Squat. This is described by Smith as â€Å"The ultimate test of unilateral strength like the one-armed push-up or pull-up.† This is because the athlete is squatting their bodyweight on a single leg. This variation is very useful in developing balance. Once this motion is mastered, the athlete can then perform the movement while holding light weights (Smith). Although there are many forms and variations to the squat, they all are the same basic motion at its core. This is why the squat is essential to any fitness program. With so many benefits, the squat is so essential to the holistic health and fitness of any athlete at any fitness level. Works Cited Behar, Jeff. 7 Benefits of Front Squats.MuscleMagFitness.com. N.p., n.d. Web. 25 July 2014. http://www.musclemagfitness.com/fitness-and-exercises/weight-lifting/7-benefits-of-front-squats.html. Cissik, John M. Back Squat Exercise: A Primer.Modern Athlete and Coach(2011): 29-31.UF OneSearch. Web. 25 July 2014. http://metis.findlay.edu:2113/eds/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?sid=da7d75bd-90ab-4944-a0c0-7d198225b8c0%40sessionmgr110vid=2hid=115. Cohen, Ron. A New Persective on Squats, Lunges, and Living Life.Contemplative Fitness. N.p., 6 Mar. 2010. Web. 25 July 2014. http://contemplativefitness.me/2010/03/06/a-new-persective-on-squats-lunges-and-living-life/. CZAPROWSKI, DARIUSZ, RYSZARD BIERNAT, and AGNIESZKA KÊDRA. SQUAT – RULES OF PERFORMING AND MOST COMMON MISTAKES Squat – methodology of teaching.Polish Journal of Sport Tourism19 (2012): 3-7. Web. 23 July 2014. http://metis.findlay.edu:2113/eds/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?sid=95bf5c29-9499-438b-88cb-6403cb194804%40sessionmgr115vid=2hid=115. Daniel, Harri. Benefits of Squats for Women.BenefitOf.com. N.p., 8 June 2011. Web. 25 July 2014. http://benefitof.net/benefits-of-squats-for-women/. Martinez, Eliza. Squats Exercise for Pregnant Women.The Nest. Demand Media, n.d. Web. 25 July 2014. http://woman.thenest.com/squats-exercise-pregnant-women-1072.html. Smith, Christopher. Meet The Squats: 7 Squat Variations You Should Be Doing.BodyBuilding.com. N.p., 10 July 2013. Web. 25 July 2014. http://www.bodybuilding.com/fun/meet-the-squats-7-squat-variations-you-should-be-doing.html. Vales, John. The 15 Benefits of Squats.Outlaw Fitness. N.p., 2014. Web. 25 July 2014. http://www.outlawfitnesshq.com/the-15-benefits-of-squats/.