Humanistic Psychology Essay - 1424 Words

Overview: Throughout history many individuals and groups have affirmed the inherent value and dignity of human beings. They have spoken out against ideologies, beliefs and practices, which held people to be merely the means for accomplishing economic and political ends. They have reminded their contemporaries that the purpose of institutions is to serve and advance the freedom and power of their members. In Western civilization we honor the times and places, such as Classical Greece and Europe of the Renaissance, when such affirmations were expressed. Humanistic Psychology is a contemporary manifestation of that ongoing commitment. Its message is a response to the denigration of the human spirit that has so often been implied in the image†¦show more content†¦It is guided by a conviction that intentionality and ethical values are strong psychological forces, among the basic determinants of human behavior. This conviction leads to an effort to enhance such distinctly human qualities as choice, creativity, the interaction of the body, mind and spirit, and the capacity to become more aware, free, responsible, life affirming and trustworthy. Humanistic psychology acknowledges that the mind is strongly influenced by determining forces in society and in the unconscious, and that some of these are negative and destructive. Humanistic psychology nevertheless emphasizes the independent dignity and worth of human beings and their conscious capacity to develop personal competence and self-respect. This value orientation has led to the development of therapies to facilitate personal and interpersonal skills and to enhance the quality of life. Since there is much difficulty involved in inner growth, humanistic psychologists often stress the importance of courageously learning to take responsibility for one as one confronts personal transitions. The difficulty ofShow MoreRelatedHumanistic Psychology Essay1421 Words   |  6 PagesClassical Greece and Europe of the Renaissance, when such affirmations were expressed. Humanistic Psychology is a contemporary manifestation of that ongoing commitment. Its message is a response to the denigration of the human spirit that has so often been implied in the image of the person drawn by behavioral and social sciences. Ivan Pavlovs work with the conditioned reflex had given birth to an academic psychology in the United States led by John Watson, which came to be called the science of behaviorRead MoreHumanistic Psychology Essay1631 Words   |  7 Pagescontributions to psychology, it has influenced the understanding and practices of the humanistic movement, specifically with the therapies for the different mental disorders. Psychoanalysis understands the unconscious behavior, behaviorism focuses on the conditioning process that produces behavior. Humanistic psychology focuses on the persons potential to act as a whole person in a nurturing environment by choice with receiving a positive way of life. The Humanistic Movement and PersonRead MoreThe Values Of Humanistic Psychology767 Words   |  4 Pagesvalues of Humanistic Psychology is its emphasis on human potential for growth. The perspective is hopeful one. It does not mean that humanistic psychologists overlook challenge and darkness in people’s lives (see Hoffman, 2009). I believe that our choice to value individual potential for growth and actualization provides openings for discovering the value(s) of challenges we face in life. Hoffman, E. (2009). Rollo May on Maslow and Rogers: No theory of evil. Journal of Humanistic Psychology, 49(4)Read MoreEssay on Humanistic Psychology1101 Words   |  5 PagesAugustine was a saint and philosopher. Some of Augustine’s thought can be related to the practice of humanistic psychology. My professional focus is the psychotherapy category called Humanistic-Experiential. Humanistic-Experiential therapies are, â€Å"psychotherapies emphasizing personal growth and self-direction† (Butcher, et al, 2006). The humanistic approach places primary importance upon human interests, values, and most importantly the belief in human potentials (Schultz Schultz, 2009, pp297)Read MorePsychodynamic And Humanistic Theories Of Psychology1634 Words   |  7 PagesPsychodynamic and Humanistic Personality Theories The study of the human mind is an interesting topic to discuss about, we have many theorists that have come up with many different ideas or theories, in how to evaluate the mind of humans, two main ways to study the mind in psychology are psychodynamic approach and humanistic approach. Even though these theories are to evaluate human minds they have different views in how the mind works. In psychodynamic approach, the way the mind is viewed is thatRead MorePersonality, Psychology, And Humanistic Approach1362 Words   |  6 Pageshuman being (boundless.com). That is one of many ways of defining personality. When examining personality, there are four main approachable theories including: The Psychodynamic Approach, The Trait Approach, The Social-Cognitive Approach, and The Humanistic Approach. The Psychodynamic Approach was first approach by Sigmund Freud; he dealt with the understanding that personality came from our unconscious state of mind. And that unconscious state interacted to determine our thoughts, behaviors, andRead MoreHumanistic Psychology Essay examples1165 Words   |  5 Pagesbeen increasingly popular from the mid-20th century. In the early 1960s, a movement named third-force psychology started as a reaction to the defect of behaviorism and psychoanalysis to deal fully with the human condition (Hergenhahn, 2008). This third-force movement is humanistic psychology, which refers to the combination of the philosophy of romanticism and existentialism. Humanistic psychology instead paid more attention to each individuals potentials and highlighted the importance of self-actualizationRead MoreOverview of Humanistic Psychology Essay1399 Words   |  6 Pages Humanistic Psychology is a psychological perspective that highlights the study of a person in whole. These psychologist look at human behavior not just through the eyes of the viewer, but also through the eyes of the client that has the behavior. These psychologist believe that an individuals behavior is associated to his or her intimate feelings and their self image. Humanistic psychologist accepts human beings are not just a commodity of the environment. These psychologist study human meaningsRead MoreHumanistic Psychology : Psychology And Psychology1748 Words   |  7 PagesHumanistic Psychology is a psychological sub-field which became prominent in the 20th century as a response to the limitations of the psychoanalytic theory and behaviorism (Cherry, n.d.). The main purpose is to help patients gain a belief that all people are inheritably good. Its roots starts with Socrates and emphasizes an individual’s inherent drive towards self-actualization. Humanistic psychology utilizes a holistic approach to human existence and focuses on things such as creativity, free willRea d MoreHumanistic Psychology And The Other Disciplines Essay1533 Words   |  7 PagesHumanistic psychology was created as a response to the limitations of the two forces already established, psychoanalytic and behaviorist psychology. One of the biggest differences between humanistic psychology and the other disciplines is that it views humanity in a holistic and optimistic manner rather than in fragmentations. One of the most significant and founding theorists of this humanism force was Carl Rogers. His contributions to the field, research on personality, and his psychotherapy techniques

Ideal Education For Future Students - 874 Words

Ideal Education for Future Students Education is a form of knowledge that have been passed down and revise to the point of perfection. All of us have to get our knowledge from someone whether it is our grandparents, parents, siblings, or teachers. Through applying and processing the knowledge that is given, you could improve on the idea even further, therefore every generation will get the best from the last. Wisdom is only as useful as to how much you can exercise it into real life application, for that reason teaching isn’t easy as communicating the information, but instead have the concept in practice. Learning isn’t about memorization, but rather of how it came to be. For example in a calculus class you could have a teacher teach six trig equations two ways, first just tell the student to memorize it, or second you can show them how one equation can be rewritten five other ways and that’s how the all six of them came to be. Banking education claim to be effective for memorizing things quickly, which is true, but then you will most likely to forget it later on. I like to think education is something worthwhile and essential knowledge to have, which sucks if you going to forget about it later on and the time you spent memorizing will just go to waste. Liberated education allows you to practice what you’ve learn just like how you would do it on a job, by doing so you will retain the materials effectively. I think a lot of us have heard of this question in class before,Show MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Book Romeo And Juliet And Great Expectations 1662 Words   |  7 Pagesand Uncle Tom’s Cabin are hidden away, stories of minorities boxed in by cardboard and majority rule. While America’s student body becomes increasingly diverse (and schools rush to adapt), some say curriculum has stayed monochromatic by regularly painting the story of the white majority while failing to represent minority backgrounds and experiences fairly and leaving minority student s struggling to relate to texts presented in the classroom. Others say the American curriculum should not change withRead MoreWhat Does The Ideal Education System Look Like?899 Words   |  4 PagesWhat does the ideal education system look like? It is an interesting question. By looking at what the current model of the educational system is lacking can help to produce a clear picture of what the ideal educational system would be. Many people would agree that the current education system has failed to produce positive results. In many ways the current education system does not meet the needs of students. One problem of the current system is that it is a one fits all style of system. It doesRead More Ecotopia vs. the United States: The Effects of Sustainable Education1547 Words   |  7 Pageschild’s mind to grow and prosper and the child is able to socialize and adhere to the environment that he or she learns about. In addition to education, simply being a component within the institution also formulates our beliefs. Schools are a prime institution to learn about green education in which it will prepare students to be sustainable in the future. In Ernest Callenbach’s Ecotopia, the protagonist, Will, travels to an ecological utopia where he learns how to live in a sustainable or an EcotopianRead MorePositive Changes For Today s Students1057 Words   |  5 PagesChanges for Today s Students Tekarra C. Powell Northcentral University Abstract Every school vision should lead to overall student achievement. As continuous pressure is placed on schools to prepare students to meet complex standards, it is vital that schools examine their effectiveness to educate students using high quality teaching methods. Because not all students learn the same, a â€Å"one size fits all† approach will not satisfy the needs of each student. With these challengesRead MoreThe Main Characteristics Of Emerson s Ideal Education1044 Words   |  5 Pages1. In the essay â€Å"Education,† Emerson states his views of an ideal education. Respect, genius, and drill are the main characteristics of Emerson’s ideal education. Emerson believes that respect is needed in education. When speaking about respect Emerson does not solely mean from student to teacher, but also from teacher to student. â€Å"Respect the child. Wait and see the new product of nature.† (102) Emerson states that there are two main factors that must be ba lanced in education. The two facts areRead MoreEssay on My Philosophy of Education733 Words   |  3 PagesPhilosophy of Education Jean-Paul Sartre said, â€Å"Man is nothing else but what he makes of himself† (Myra, David, 402). According to him, personality is made by him/herself according to environment, religion, or society and everyone has a different belief and idea such as how they want to behave toward others or what I want to be on their own through their experience or life. Everyone has his or her own belief, philosophy, and dream but also I have my own concept. My philosophy of education revolvesRead More My Ideal Veterinary University Essay1374 Words   |  6 PagesThe Ideal University   Ã‚  Ã‚   What makes an ideal university?   An ideal university is one which is student focused and centered on the needs of individual students.   Having lectures and classes, which exceed 35 students, makes it impossible to obtain the best education possible.   A university which is dedicated to making sure every student understands and learns at his or her own pace is one which is most effective.   My ideal university is one which only accepts those students whom areRead MoreMandatory Physical Education I1699 Words   |  7 PagesCurrent high school students are becoming fatter, slower, and less motivated than past students. Many of these young people would prefer to be sitting passively in front of the television rather than to do something physically active. Most high school students believe they do not have sufficient time, opportunity or guidance to participate in physical activities. The ideal place in which students would be able to find adequate time, opportunity and guidance are in the high schools themselves. PoliticiansRead MoreNew York Schools Struggle With New Rules Essay1286 Words   |  6 PagesNew York Schools Struggle With New Rules to Help Students Learning English, by Elizabeth A. Harris from the New York Times, documents the current struggle of New York state public school ESL programs to fully accommodate the immigrant students’ needs. Overall, the ESL program is not effective in helping second language students catch up in subjects taught in English. In addition, the supply and demand is heavily unbalanced. More immigrant students are enrolling i n public schools yet there is a lackRead MoreMy Dream As A Doctor Of Education Degree888 Words   |  4 Pagesprofessional obtaining a doctor of education degree. As I reflect upon the journal entries that were submitted, I will discuss the common thread and themes that are applicable to my personal development as a professional; subsequently, it will disclose the themes which has influenced my progress in the EDD program. Lastly, this refection will reveal how the personal learning obtained will enhance and expand my profession my accomplishment of a doctor of education degree. Common Threads and Themes

School Assemblies How to Plan a Successful Event Free Essays

School Assemblies – How to Plan a Successful Event! If you are given the task of picking school assemblies for your school, the job, though exciting, may have some questions that may be difficult for you to answer. How do you know which programs and how many presentations to do for your school? This is a question which comes up with any Elementary school or Middle School looking for ideas for school assemblies. Well, as famous detective Sherlock Holmes used to say: â€Å"Elementary, my dear Watson! , Elementary! † Have you talked to a twelve year old lately? Have you tried to read a bedtime story to them from a book designed to be read to a 6 year old? How did that work out for you? Not so good, huh? Kids minds change as they age. We will write a custom essay sample on School Assemblies: How to Plan a Successful Event or any similar topic only for you Order Now Well, that is a profound statement, right? Of course they do! And what appeals to and entertains the mind of a student in Kindergarten is radically different from what entertains a seventh grader. Even the differences from Kindergarten to 3rd grade are profound. And yet, many schools think nothing of arranging a school assembly program for an audience of all grades, from Kindergarten through eighth grade! It always amazes me! Sure, there are presenters who can pull this off and the school may think that they had a good show. But what they do not realize is how much better the results would have been had they simply split the audience in half according to age. They might have had a great show instead! When all grades are combined, the performer of a school assembly has to become somewhat schizophrenic, addressing first the needs of one age group, then turning away from them to address the other half. The alternative is to simply present to one half and let the other half struggle. Or to shoot for the middle and ignore the extremes. Whichever way you try, it’s basically a compromise that rarely please everyone. From the perspective of most school assembly performers, elementary school enrichment programs basically have three comfortably similar audience levels, with some overlap among them. The first, or Primary audience, starts with pre-K and continues up to roughly 3rd grade. The second, or Intermediate audience, can begin as early as 2nd grade and continue through 6th grade. The oldest, or Middle school, audience, begins at 4th grade and continues usually up through young adult. When audiences are split this way the presenter can change the style, vocabulary and content of the performance to best meet the needs and likes of that particular audience. It is one thing to consider whether a school assembly program is appropriate for all grades combined, but one must also ask if a particular program is indeed suited for a particular age group at all. For example, some school assemblies, when split into different performances, are quite good for all elementary school grades, but fare poorly in Middle Schools. Other school assemblies play wonderfully for Middle Schools but fly right over the heads of primary school audiences. It is wise to ascertain before scheduling a program whether or not the program is indeed appropriate for all the grades you wish to involve. Finally, one may also consider arranging different programs for different grade levels. For instance one might have a historical character for the 4th Grade, a science show for the 3rd grade, a live animal program for the 2nd grade and so on. This way everyone gets exactly what they want according to their needs. However, this supposes that cost is of little concern to you, and, sadly, we all know that cost is almost always a concern. Obviously, multiple performances will be more expensive than a single, all encompassing performance. But one should remember that â€Å"one size never really does fit all†! If you are going to spend the money to bring in a presentation it is worth making sure the experience is the best it can be. And most assembly companies and performers charge less per show for the second and third presentations, and sometimes considerably less. It is worth checking. There is really nothing worse than having a program fail and realizing after the fact that a little extra planning and a few more dollars would have turned a sad experience into something great! Geoff Beauchamp is the Regional Manager of Mobile Ed Productions where â€Å"Education Through Entertainment† has been the guiding principal since 1979. Mobile Ed Productions produces and markets quality educational school assembly programs in the fields of science, history, writing, astronomy, natural science, mathematics, character issues and a variety of other curriculum based areas. In addition, Mr. Beauchamp is a professional actor with 30 years of experience in film, television and on stage. He created and still performs occasionally in Mobile Ed’s THE LIVING * School Assembly Presentations 1. Organized and presented four class assemblies with Grades 5 7 around environmental/spiritual themes using songs, chants, circle story telling, drama and poems. 2. Screened a short documentary ‘Give Us a Life Please’ showing the dangers of toxic waste and other environmental pollution on Indian children’s health. . Arranged the purchase, introduced and displayed ‘Herbotique’, a herbal, multi-purpose floor wash and cleaner and the chemical cleaners our school has been using up to this time with a full-explanation of the environmental and health effects of both. Arranged for empty containers to be available at the Tuck Shop so teachers and staff can purchase it by using our bulk order. 4. Arranged and anchored a student-led visual pr esentation to educate the school body about garbage separation. 5. Organized and presented a four-day ‘Climate Change Week’ to help inform the entire school body about this global threat and how it is connected to our daily lives. Five sets of six posters especially created for schools by TERI were placed on notice boards around the school including in the staff room. Four extended morning assemblies, each of 45 minutes duration, covered the following: (Saturday): First clue of ‘Climate Change Challenge’ Treasure Hunt) was given at the end of the morning assembly. Attention was drawn to the 20 ‘True or False’ statements placed on the walls around the assembly hall and to the posters around the school. Monday): Screening of a narrated Power Point Presentation introducing Climate Change and highlighting its cause and effects. (Tuesday): Screening of a video ‘Global Warning’ which focused on the possible effects of Climate Change on various regions of India. (Wednesday): ‘Quiz Results Dayâ€℠¢. a. Students were asked to raise their hands regarding the truth or falsity of the statements placed around the assembly hall giving reasons for their choices based on†¦ [continues] Read full essay Planning a School Assembly Checklist Planning a school assembly is fun but hectic at the same time for teachers. The dos and don’ts of planning a school assembly are to be well considered before organizing one. No matter what the event is, the basics always remain the same. Therefore, every teacher must have a school assembly checklist to ensure the success of the whole event. Firstly, to organize a proper assembly it is imperative to classify the responsibilities into three categories; tasks to be undertaken before the event, tasks during the school assembly and activities to carry out right after the assembly. Categorizing your tasks will make it easier to organize the event. Checklist for tasks before the event: Here’s a school assembly checklist for tasks you should perform before the event: * Choose a single theme for the event to get administrative approval if necessary. Select a date that is convenient for the staff and students. Make sure the date does not conflict with any other events held by the school. * Develop a set of rules for the event that should include the time limit, attire to be worn, the dos and don’ts for students and teachers, etc. * Make a list of guests – students, teachers, principal, and any outsider if permitted. Create invitation cards for special guests – You can have your students make them as a fun activity. * Create a management plan of how to carry out the activities on the day of the school assembly. Checklist for the day of assembly: The following is a list of tasks and considerations teachers need to make for the day of assembly: * Before the assembly starts, check whether everyone is ready for the activities they are carrying out. * Check the audio and visual equipment thoroughly to avoid any mishaps. * If any special guests are invited, make sure that you and the principal are ready to welcome them. Distribute lists of the activities to be held to parents, students and guests. * Distribute questionnaires to guests and parents afterwards to know their comments about the event. * Check if the refreshments are ready to be served on time. * Make sure the welcome speech is ready. Let the guests, students, and parents know in the welcome speech about the purpose of the event and the activities once again. After the School assembly checklist: It is important to create an after school assembly checklist to make sure that everything runs smoothly. Here are some tips for that: * Most important  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ make sure all the guests are taken care of properly once the event is over. * Make sure all the equipment used are unplugged and kept safely. * Make sure to acknowledge everyone – guests, sponsors, performers, etc. * Create a file of activities that were carried out, guests who came, sponsors, etc. for next year. * Take all suggestions in writing from guests, parents, and others involved. For More On School Assemblies Visit 1. Academic Entertainment- K-12 school assembly programs through quality entertainment. 2. Assemblies- Assemblies is a bank of over 100 resources written by teachers for teachers. They should save you time when creating and preparing assemblies for use with your class, year group or school. 3. The assemblies website- United Kingdom site. 4. Circus of the Kids- Provides programs for K-12 schools or organizations. 5. National Theatre for Children- Develops programs that tour elementary and middle schools teaching kids about societal issues. 6. The Puppet Showplace Theatre- A non-profit performing arts organization committed to excellence in puppetry for all audiences. 7. Royalty Theatre, Sunderland- Amateur theatre group site with information about their history and past and present productions. 8. School Assemblies for Busy Teachers- A site where teachers can freely download and submit assembly, ideas, scripts, and links. 9. SchoolGigs. com 10. School Shows. com- A nationwide directory of school shows, assemblies, workshops, and residencies. Please note:  The performers in this directory are solely responsible for the content of their listing. 11. Storyteller. net- â€Å"You can search here for a teller in your own neighborhood or even around the world! If a state or country is not listed we have no tellers from that state/country. † How to Set Up a Great School Assembly Program Over the last few decades school assemblies, or school shows have become a staple of the day to day life of many schools across the United States. Once a simple burst of entertainment to break up the year, usually in the form of a magic show or a juggler, school assemblies have blossomed into an entire industry, filled with a magnificent array of options ranging from entertainment to education and with pretty much everything in between. Knowing how to select what is right for your school can be a difficult job! It is important to decide what you are looking for, then track down the types of programs which will best serve your needs. Traditional â€Å"entertainment† shows,   while fun for the kids, have given way over the past few decades to educational programs which often provide a cost effective alternative to field trips. Newer programs are designed to strictly adhere to and support the educational standards of your state, and thus to augment the educational process, while providing every bit as much entertainment and fascination for the kids as do the shows which focus strictly on entertainment. There are many school assemblies available which focus on one or more areas of science. You may opt for a program on chemistry, or a visiting planetarium, or or a natural science assembly taught through the introduction of live animals. Social studies are also represented in the form of living history characters such as Abraham Lincoln or Harriett Tubbman. Fine Arts programs abound, and it is possible to schedule visits from dance companies, bands and orchestras, strolling individual musicians and various applied arts programs as well. And in the field of writing the option exists to arrange for a visit from an author or from a performing artist who will present performances of stories written by your students. Once you have determined which area is of interest, the next task is to locate the appropriate artist. If you live in a major metropolitan area such as Chicago or New York, you may have access to an assembly showcase. These are good options for getting ideas, but leave out many able presenters who may not have the option of traveling to the showcase, but who are, nevertheless, available to your school. The internet is a good place to start, and a simple search under â€Å"school assembly programs† or school assemblies† and including your state, will often yield good results. It is important to add your state, as many performers are only available on a local basis, though there are also major and very reputable companies that are available nationwide. Often your school will keep a file of brochures that have been mailed to the school. And you may also want to contact other schools in your area to see if they have recommendations. Some school show presenters are totally independent and must be contacted personally. This can be challenging as these independent â€Å"acts† are often busy performing when you call so patience is required. You may need to wait a day or two until they can reply to your inquiry. Others are represented by agencies or perform programs on behalf of companies. In these cases there is usually a staffed office available with customer service to assist you, on your schedule. Writers and authors are usually contacted through the auspices of a literary agent. Fees will vary widely. Programs may range from free up to thousands of dollars. Some authors can be very expensive. Science Museums often have outreach programs but these are also oftentimes very costly. On the other extreme, simple but effective programs can be found for free. Hospitals may provide a bike safety program. Ronald McDonald has programs in some areas for which the school pays nothing. But most presenters will charge some kind of fee. A common price range may start at $200-300 but range up from there quickly according to the number of performances. This touches on another area needing planning. As anyone who has ever shopped for clothing will tell you, one size never fits all. If your school has 400-500 or more students, that is usually too many for a single performance. This is especially true when the performer is asked to address many different grade levels simultaneously. The needs of a first grader are different from the interests of a fifth grader. Skilled presenters know how to address these needs in different, age-appropriate assemblies. So make sure to schedule enough presentations. Be sure to also ascertain whether additional fees are involved. Many performers will tack on fees for travel or accommodation. Others will require non refundable deposits, and charge the school for weather cancellations. Some will even require you to convince other local schools to also book a date before they will allow you to schedule your own. Make sure you are clear on everything that is involved! Finally, you will be ready to schedule your dates. Try to obtain programs at times of the year when the content is aligned with what the students are studying at that time. Examples might include hosting an Abraham Lincoln impersonator during February, or a science program to kick off the period leading up to your science fair. Avoid bringing in programs just before or during state mandated test windows or you will certainly incur the wrath of your teachers! Parochial schools may want to have a program during Catholic Schools week. Some schools like to look for something to highlight anti-substance abuse issues during Red Ribbon Week. There are many options available to you. But don’t wait too long. Try to schedule far in advance! While it is sometimes possible to get lucky and be able to arrange a program at the last minute, more than likely if you wait you will be disappointed. The best programs will fill in. And often, programs may only be in your area of the country at certain times. It is wise to begin your planning for the upcoming school year during the previous Spring. Regardless of what you choose, prepare to have a good time. There is nothing as rewarding a the sound of a gymnasium full of students erupting with laughter and awe from a performance you helped to bring to them! How to cite School Assemblies: How to Plan a Successful Event, Papers

Organisational Behaviour Strategic Information System

Question: Discuss about the Organisational Behaviour for Strategic Information System. Answer: Introduction: The top five challenges of Telstra in the order of importance include low prices against high demands of the goods being offered. Over time, the number of customers has been increasing since the year 2008. (Maiden 2015, p. 88-93). The technological shift has increased the urge for customers to own smart phones so that they can easily access the internet. Normally, it can be projected that the high demand is an advantage for any company but not for Telstra. The prices for data are slowly reducing since then. To be specific, the data bundle per Mb has slowly decreased from 1.8% to 1% today. For this reason, the company has stagnated. (Ferguson 2008, p. 233-235) The other problem is the convergence rules. Telstra has struggled to put up with the ever increasing demand by diversifying the nature of products it offers. In the past, we have had people using the landline telephones to communicate. Today there are mobile phones. However, the industry has not been decentralised. The other challenges are the effects of NBN, competition and lastly branding. (Maiden 2015, p. 88-93) The first priority for the company is the customers. The company has had an advocacy policy and the top management is keen to keep empowering the customers. Customers have the privilege to choose on the modes in which they can interact with the company stakeholders. Another priority is to foster innovation in the industry. To be a leader, you must do unique things that other competitors have not done. (Holt 2009, p. 67-78). The third priority is cost reduction. Telstra has a strategy to reduce operational costs because it must aim at obtaining profit. At number four is the culture. The company strives to uphold its competitive culture that has existed since inception. Lastly is the technology which is the key to productivity. (Tindal 2008, p. 109-113) The Porters model has five elements that include competitive rivalry, supplier bargaining power, customer bargaining power, threats from new entrants and substitute products. For Telstra, the competition is stiff but it has maintained its first position exploring other markets. It is the largest supplier since it has a huge market share. Consumers have raised concerns about the products which are not differentiated. As a result of competition, the prices have really gone down. The balance of power is evident at the last force. (Bingemann 2010, p. 75-79) Strategising IT should enforce laws and regulations that will moderate the market. Some companies are taking control of the prices and affecting the whole industry. The communication regulatory agencies have a duty to restore the order. IT should also support innovative and creative ventures because it is through these practices that new products are designed to suit the customer tastes and preferences. (Holt 2009, p. 67-78) Some of the best strategies employed included the restoration of the market share. The company invested a lot of money in the activity which yielded fruit. The kitty was dubbed fighting fund which was disbursed in large amounts to convince more customers to subscribe to the company products. Another strategy was to focus on the customer. (Godfrey et al. 2006). The CEO was categorical that the company operations would be banked on the interests of the customer. Apparently, he realised that it is the customer that a company relies on to stay in the market. Services were improved to suit the demands of the customers. The decision to get into mergers with other companies was also good. Mergers bring about diversity in administrative knowledge and experience. (Akhurst 2011, p. 47-50) After the exit of David Thodey as CEO, Andy Penn replaced him. However, Andy made the worst mistake by appointing a strategist who had failed other companies. The appointment of Stephen Elop to the position of chief strategist meant that the company would fail. (Bingemann 2010, p. 75-79). The history of Elop is wanting. It is said that he presided over the failure of the Nokia business company in a span of three years. Another great mistake made by the stakeholders is failure to balance prices with the increasing demand. Any company whose products are in high demand from customers should obey the economic law by hiking the prices. In this case, Telstra just lacked the best person to formulate a strategy that would capitalise on this phenomenon. (Godfrey et al. 2006) One of the important actions missed by the CEO is that he did not involve the external environment in picking the leader of strategy. For a company to cut a niche in the market, it must have a clear roadmap to success. The top management should seek the outside views from competitors and even customers in order to determine the best personnel to hire. In the case of Telstra, the CEO should have engaged the lower level management who also have important input in decision making processes. (Harbison 2011, p. 89-92) Other risks that have not been mentioned in the case study include obsolescence. IT companies often incur many costs over short time periods because of the need to update their programmes. The industry transforms almost regularly and to conform to the specifications, Telstra must keep adjusting to the new releases. Another major challenge is the variations in the market aspects such as country, culture and language. It is not easy to balance these features especially if you need to reduce the costs. (Holt 2009, p. 67-78) Red Ocean refers to a strategy where a company tries to outdo its competitors to win a large market share. When the market is flooded, competition sets in to make the ocean red. One of the factors contributing to Red Ocean in Telstra is profitability. The company wishes to remain at the top in terms of returns. Another factor is expansion. It wishes to venture into other businesses by getting into mergers and acquisitions. (Ferguson 2008, p. 233-235) On the other hand, Blue Ocean is an approach that a company uses to explore new markets. For instance, Telstra can focus on satisfying the needs of the customer instead of focusing on how to outdo the competitor. The strategy to employ is innovation. Innovation will solve the existing technological challenges and will also address the present deficiencies in the industry. Another strategy is that the company can deal in current assets that are fast moving as opposed to fixed products. (Maiden 2015, p. 88-93) References Akhurst, B.I. (2011). Organisational Behaviour: Sensis CEO Update. Sensis, 45(11), 47-50 Bingemann, M.D. (2010). Yearbook Australia: Telstra doubles the speed of its Next G HSPA+ network. The Australian Australia, 21(56), 75-79 Ferguson, I.F. (2008). Wired Brown Land?: Telstra to slash tech costs under review. ZDNet, 5(2), 233-235 Godfrey, M. Charisse E. (2006). The Sydney Morning Herald: Location of Sensis job cuts revealed, 23(32), 345-351 Harbison, N.M. (2011). Pigs at the Trough: Australian telecom company launches one of the smartest Facebook apps to date. TNW, 4(6), 89-92 Holt, J.T. (2009). Mobile Phone Companies: Sensis denies database disaster Software News .Zdnet, 34(5), 67-78 Maiden, M.B. (2015). Security and the Networked Society: Telstra dives as $10bn plans unveiled. The Age, 25(6), 88-93 Tindal, S.Q. (2008). FirmGuide: Telstra boosts Next G to 21Mbps. ZDNet Australia, 13(3), 109-113.